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Originally a riverside pioneer in eastern North America, now Amaranthus hybridus is extremely abundant in agricultural fields and other disturbed habitats. Related cultivated species have been reported from the flora area, including A. caudatus, A. hypochondriacus, and A. cruentus; there is no evidence that they are established; specimens identified as these species are often variants of A. hybridus.

Distribution of Amaranthus hybridus in North America needs clarification because the name was misapplied to other species, notably A. powellii, and specimens of A. retroflexus, A. powellii, and A. hybridus are frequently interchangeably misidentified. Forms of A. hybridus and A. powellii with reddish inflorescences are often misidentified as escaped and hence presumably naturalized, cultivated species A. caudatus Linnaeus, A. hypochondriacus Linnaeus, and A. cruentus Linnaeus.

Amaranthus hybridus is extremely variable. In particular, there are numerous North American specimens with subobtuse tepals and thick inflorescences, suggesting hybridization with A. retroflexus. In Europe such presumably hybrid forms are known as A. ×ozanonii Thellung (A. Thellung 1914-1919).

A new, presumably hybridogenous taxon, Amaranthus ×tucsonensis Henrickson, was recently described from Arizona (J. Henrickson 1999). It was suggested that one of its parents is A. hybridus; the other parental species (probably a species with obtuse or spatulate tepals) remains unknown. The problem of proper taxonomic position and origin of A. ×tucsonensis needs further study.

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Flora of North America Vol. 4: 411, 415, 421, 422, in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Description

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Annual herb, erect or less commonly ascending, up to c. 2 (-3) m in height, not infrequently reddish-tinted throughout. Stems stout, branched, angular, glabrous or thinly to moderately furnished with short or long multicellular hairs (increasingly so above, especially in the inflorescence). Leaves glabrous, or thinly pilose on the lower margins and underside of the primary nervation, long-petiolate (petioles up to 15 cm but even then scarcely exceeding the lamina), lamina broadly lanceolate to rhomboid or ovate, 3-19 (-30) x 1.5-8 (-12) cm, gradually narrowed to the blunt to subacute mucronulate tip, attenuate or shortly cuneate into the petiole below. Flowers in yellowish, green, reddish or purple axillary and terminal spikes formed of cymose clusters, which are increasingly closely approximate upwards, the terminal inflorescence varying from a single spike to a broad, much-branched, panicle up to c. 45 x 25 cm: in length and breadth, the ultimate spike not infrequently nodding; male and female flowers intermixed throughout the spikes. Bracts and bracteoles deltoid-ovate to deltoid-lanceolate, pale-membranous, acuminate and with a long, pale to reddish-tipped, erect arista formed by the stout, excurrent, yellow or greenish midrib, subequalling to much exceeding the perianth. Perianth segments (3-)5, 1.5-3.5 mm, lanceolate or oblong, acute-aristate or the inner sometimes blunt in the female flowers, only the midrib at most greenish. Stigmas (2-) 3, erect, flexuose or recurved, c. 0.75-1.25 mm. Capsule subglobose to ovoid or ovoid-urceolate, 2-3 mm, circumscissile, with a moderately distinct to obsolete “neck”, lid smooth, longitudinally sulcate, or sometimes rugulose below the neck. Seed black and shining or pale, compres¬sed, 0.75-1.25 mm, almost smooth centrally, faintly reticulate around the margins.
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Flora of Pakistan Vol. 0: 11 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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S. I. Ali & M. Qaiser
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Description

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Plants glabrous or glabrescent, or distal parts of stem and branches slightly pubescent when young. Stems erect, green or sometimes reddish purple, rarely under-developed plants ascending, branched to nearly simple, 0.3-2(-2.5) m. Leaves: petiole 1/2 as long as to equaling blade; blade ovate, rhombic-ovate, or lanceolate, (2-)4-15 × (1-)2-6 cm, base cuneate to broadly cuneate, margins entire, apex acute to obtuse, with mucro. Inflorescences terminal and axillary, erect or reflexed, occasionally nodding, green or olive green, occasionally with silvery or reddish purple tint, leafless at least distally, terrminal inflorescence often slightly nodding with numerous shorter branches at base. Bracts lanceolate-linear to subulate, 2-3.5(-4) mm, subequal to or 2 times as long as tepals }, apex spinescent. Pistillate flowers: tepals 5, lanceolate to lanceolate-linear, subequal or unequal, 1.5-3 mm, membranaceous, apex acute or acuminate, gradually narrowing into aristate tip; style branches erect, shorter than body of fruit; stigmas 3. Staminate flowers at tips of inflorescences; tepals 5; stamens (4-)5. Utricles obovoid or elongate-ovoid, 1.5-2.5 mm, shorter than tepals, smooth proximally, lid verrucose or rugose, dehiscence regularly circumscissile, or rarely in some presumably hybrid forms, irregularly dehiscent or indehiscent. Seeds black to dark reddish brown, lenticular to lenticular-globose, 1-1.3 mm, smooth, shiny.
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Flora of North America Vol. 4: 411, 415, 421, 422, in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Description

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Stem 30-50 cm tall, branched, pubescent. Petiole 1-2.5 cm, hairy; leaf blade ovate or ovate-rhombic, 3-4.5 × 1.5-2.5 cm, abaxially pilose, adaxially nearly glabrous, base cuneate, margin undulate, apex acute or notched, with a mucro. Complex thyrsoid structures terminal, slender, somewhat drooping at apex and in spikes. Bracts and bracteoles subulate, lanceolate, 3.5-4 mm, distinctly long pointed, longer than perianth. Tepals oblong-lanceolate, ca. 2 mm, apex acute, with a mucro. Stamens nearly as long as or slightly longer than perianth; stigmas 3. Utricles ovoid, longer than perianth, ca. 2 mm, circumscissile. Seeds black, subglobose, ca. 1 mm in diam. Fl. Jul-Aug, fr. Sep-Oct. 2n = 24, 32*, 33, 34.
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bibliographic citation
Flora of China Vol. 5: 419 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Flora of China @ eFloras.org
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Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven & Hong Deyuan
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Distribution

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B.C., Man., N.S., Ont., Que.; Ala., Ariz., Ark., Calif., Colo., Conn., Del., D.C., Fla., Ga., Idaho, Ill., Ind., Iowa, Kans., Ky., La., Maine, Md., Mass., Mich., Minn., Miss., Mo., Mont., Nebr., Nev., N.H., N.J., N.Mex., N.Y., N.C., N.Dak., Ohio, Okla., Pa., R.I., S.C., S.Dak., Tenn., Tex., Vt., Va., Wash., W.Va., Wis.; Mexico; West Indies; Central America; South America; widely introduced or naturalized in tropical, subtropical, and warm-temperate regions worldwide.
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
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Flora of North America Vol. 4: 411, 415, 421, 422, in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Flowering/Fruiting

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Flowering summer-fall.
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of North America Vol. 4: 411, 415, 421, 422, in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Habitat

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Waste places, agricultural and fallow fields, railroads, roadsides, riverbanks, other disturbed habitats; 0-2500m.
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of North America Vol. 4: 411, 415, 421, 422, in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Flora of North America Editorial Committee
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Habitat & Distribution

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Farms, waste places, hillsides. Anhui, Fujian, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang [Bhutan, Japan, Laos, Nepal, Sikkim, Vietnam; Europe, North and South America].
license
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of China Vol. 5: 419 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
source
Flora of China @ eFloras.org
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Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven & Hong Deyuan
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eFloras.org
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Amaranthus hybridus ( Asturian )

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Amaranthus hybridus, ye una especie yerbácea perteneciente a la familia Amaranthaceae.

"
Inflorescencia
"
Planta nel so hábitat

Descripción

Ye una yerba añal, con tarmos erectos, glabros embaxo, tornándose subglabros o escasamente pubescentes escontra riba con tricomes d'hasta 1 mm de llargu, bien delgaos ya irregularmente doblaos; monoicas. Fueyes acuminaes o agudes escontra'l ápiz cola punta obtusa, glabres, escasamente pubescentes namái nos nervios, con tricomas delgaos ya irregularmente doblaos. Visos frecuentemente con un númberu amenorgáu de ramines, inflorescencia compacta, partes espiciformes terminales nel tarmu, nes cañes y nes axiles de les fueyes cimeres caulinares, les terminales con munches cañes llaterales con visos densamente amestaos, visos cimeros de les partes compactes con 1–4 flores estaminaes, bráctea angostamente triangular o angostamente ovada, 2.5–3 mm de llargu, cuasi hialina, nerviu principal largamente excurrente, bractéoles más llargues que les flores, les 2 inferiores angostamente ovaes col nerviu principal fuerte, les cimeres similares; flores estaminaes con 5 tépalos desiguales, llargamente llanceolaos, daqué cimbiformes, el más llargu 2.5–2.9 mm de llargu, los otros 2–2.3 mm de llargu, más anchos cerca de la metá, acuminaos nel ápiz, filamentos 0.7–1.4 mm de llargu, anteres 0.8–1 mm de llargu; flores pistilaes con 5 tépalos desiguales, membranáceos; estigmes (2) 3, 0.5–0.7 mm de llargu. Utrículo escarioso y delgáu, frecuentemente llisu o daqué ruguláu namái na metá cimera, circuncísil; grana lenticular, 0.9–1.1 mm de diámetru, bien finamente reticulada, café fosco polenca.[1]

Distribución y hábitat

Esta especie distribuyir nes rexones tropical y subtropical y parte de les rexones templaes del mundu. Consta de dos subespecies, una de les cualos ye cultivada.

Propiedaes

Al quelite emplégase-y con frecuencia en problemes del aparatu dixestivu. Nel Distritu Federal utilizar contra'l dolor d'estómagu, y en Sonora contra la foria, pa lo cual aconséyase usar fueyes y cañes. En casos de coraxes, muinas o fiel, prepárase un fervinchu o se resfregar la planta n'agua xunto coles de sauco (Sambucus mexicana), yerba duce (Phyla scaberrima), mano de tigre (Geranium seemannii), yerba del golpe (Oenothera rosea), tomate (Physalis aequata), llima chichona (Citrus aurantifolia), malva chiquita (Malva multifida), yerba del cachiparru (C. subulata), yerba moro (Solanum americanum), escoba (Sida rhombifolia), violeta (Anoda cristata), quelite de puercu (Amaranthus sp.), tomate mure (Solanum douglasii), espinosu (Sechium edule), estafiate (Artemisia ludoviciana subsp. mexicana), recia (Bidens pilosa); tómase como enagua de tiempu, anque tamién puede aplicase como bañu. Dacuando amiéstase-y glaya (S. multirramea), malabar (B. elliptica), fueya vidriosa (Kalanchoe pinnata) y ricino (Ricinus communis) pero namái cuando se-y va ocupar en baños (Puebla).

Amás, faise usu d'esta planta n'irritación de la boca y el gargüelu, hemorraxes intestinales, menstruación escesiva, leucorrea ya infeiciones de la piel.[2]

Taxonomía

Amaranthus hybridus describióse por Carlos Linneo y espublizóse en Species Plantarum 2: 990. 1753.[1]

Citoloxía

Númberu de cromosomes de Amaranthus hybridus (Fam. Amaranthaceae) y táxones infraespecíficos: 2n=32[3]

Etimoloxía

amaranthus: nome xenéricu que procede del griegu amaranthos, que significa "flor que nun s'amostalga".[4]

hybridus: epítetu llatín que significa "híbridu".[5]

Variedaes
  • Amaranthus aureus Moq.
  • Amaranthus batalleri Sennen
  • Amaranthus bellardii Moq.
  • Amaranthus berchtholdii Moq.
  • Amaranthus catechu Moq.
  • Amaranthus caudatus Baker & Clarke, in

Dyer * Amaranthus chlorostachys Willd.

  • Amaranthus chlorostachys var. hybridus S. Watson
  • Amaranthus eugenii Sennen
  • Amaranthus flavescens Moq.
  • Amaranthus hecticus Willd.
  • Amaranthus incurvatus Trimen ex Gren. & Gord.
  • Amaranthus intermedius Guss. ex Moq.
  • Amaranthus laetus Willd.
  • Amaranthus laxiflorus Comelli ex Pollini
  • Amaranthus neglectus Moq.
  • Amaranthus nepalensis Moq.
  • Amaranthus paniculatus var. sanguineus Regel
  • Amaranthus patulus f. multispiculatus (Sennen) Priszter
  • Amaranthus patulus var. multispiculatus Sennen
  • Amaranthus pseudoretroflexus (Thell.) Almq.
  • Amaranthus retroflexus var. chlorostachys A. Gray
  • Amaranthus retroflexus var. hybridus A. Gray
  • Amaranthus spicatus Rchb.
  • Amaranthus timeroyi Jord. ex Moq.
  • Amaranthus trivialis Rota *

Galliaria hybrida (L.) Nieuwl.[6]

Nome común

  • Castellán: amaranto, bledo, bleo, breo, cenizo, ledos, mocu de pavu.[7] En Méxicu: quelite blancu, quelite bonu, quintonil, quintonil blancu, quintonil grande, quintonile;

Referencies

  1. 1,0 1,1 «Amaranthus hybridus». Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. Consultáu'l 21 d'ochobre de 2012.
  2. Amaranthus hybridus Medicina tradicional mexicana
  3. Estudos citotaxonómicos em Amaranthus de Portugal. Queirós, M. (1989) Lazaroa 11: 9-17
  4. Amaranthus en Flora de Canaries
  5. n'Epítetos Botánicos
  6. Amaranthus hybridus en PlantList
  7. «Amaranthus hybridus». Real Xardín Botánicu: Proyeutu Anthos. Consultáu'l 21 d'ochobre de 2012.

Bibliografía

  1. Abrams, L. 1944. Buckwheats to Kramerias. 2: 635 pp. In L. Abrams Ill. Fl. Pacific States. Stanford University Press, Stanford.
  2. Fernald, M. 1950. Manual (ed. 8) i–lxiv, 1–1632. American Book Co., New York.
  3. Flora of North America Editorial Committee, y. 2003. Magnoliophyta: Caryophyllidae, part 1. 4: i–xxiv, 1–559. In Fl. N. Amer.. Oxford University Press, New York.
  4. Gibbs Russell, G. Y., W. G. Welman, Y. Reitief, K. L. Immelman, G. Germishuizen, B. J. Pienaar, M. v. Wyk & A. Nicholas. 1987. List of species of southern African plants. Mem. Bot. Surv. S. Africa 2(1–2): 1–152(pt. 1), 1–270(pt. 2).
  5. Gleason, H. A. 1968. The Choripetalous Dicotyledoneae. vol. 2. 655 pp. In H. A. Gleason Ill. Fl. N. O.S. (ed. 3). New York Botanical Garden, New York.
  6. Great Plains Flora Association. 1986. Fl. Great Plains i–vii, 1–1392. University Press of Kansas, Lawrence.
  7. Hitchcock, C. H., A. J. Cronquist, F. M. Ownbey & J. W. Thompson. 1984. Salicaceae to Saxifragaceae. Part II: 1–597. In Vasc. Pl. Pacif. N.W.. University of Washington Press, Seattle.
  8. Hultén, Y. 1968. Fl. Alaska i–xxi, 1–1008. Stanford University Press, Stanford.
  9. Moss, Y. H. 1983. Fl. Alberta (ed. 2) i–xii, 1–687. University of Toronto Press, Toronto.
  10. Radford, A. Y., H. Y. Ahles & C. R. Bell. 1968. Man. Vasc. Fl. Carolinas i–lxi, 1–1183. University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill.
  11. Scoggan, H. J. 1978. Dicotyledoneae (Saururaceae to Violaceae). 3: 547–1115. In Fl. Canada. National Museums of Canada, Ottawa.
  12. Shreve, F. & I. L. Wiggins. 1964. Veg. Fl. Sonoran Deas. 2 vols. Stanford University Press, Stanford.
  13. Small, J. K. 1933. Man. S.Y. Fl. i–xxii, 1–1554. Published by the Author, New York.
  14. Welsh, S. L. 1974. Anderson's Fl. Alaska Adj. Parts Canada i–xvi, 1–724. Brigham Young University Press, Provo.

Enllaces esternos

"Cymbidium Esta páxina forma parte del wikiproyeutu Botánica, un esfuerciu collaborativu col fin d'ameyorar y organizar tolos conteníos rellacionaos con esti tema. Visita la páxina d'alderique del proyeutu pa collaborar y facer entrugues o suxerencies.
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Amaranthus hybridus: Brief Summary ( Asturian )

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Amaranthus hybridus

Amaranthus hybridus, ye una especie yerbácea perteneciente a la familia Amaranthaceae.

" Inflorescencia " Planta nel so hábitat
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Amaranthus quitensis ( Asturian )

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Amaranthus quitensis ye una especie de planta con flor perteneciente a la familia Amaranthaceae.

"
Vista de la planta

Descripción

Tien cotiledones ovales llanceolaos con llámina de 13-15 mm x 2-3 mm; nervadura central pocu visible; peciolu medianu. Fueyes subopuestas, ovaes llanceolaes, ápiz emargináu, cantu enteru; nervadura central bien visible; peciolude 1/5 de la llongura de la llámina. Hipocótilo llargu.

Hábitat

Ye endémica de Bolivia, Brasil, Arxentina, Ecuador, Paraguái, Perú, Uruguái. Tien una distribución cosmopolita.

Propiedaes

Ye usada por chamán n'Ecuador pa tratar epilepsia.

Tamién ye bien conocida por ser l'ingrediente principal nes agües tradicionales de la rexón sierra d'Ecuador; dando asina la conocida agua de Horchata; cabo indicar que tamién s'el amiestu con otres yerbes arumoses como: manzanilla, flores de clavel, llantén, etc. pa preparar la mentada bebida.

Ye una maleza de los cultivos de soya de la rexón pampeana, pudiendo producir perdes significatives del rendimientu; una pl/m² causa amenorgamientos del 15 % nel rendimientu de soya.[2]

Taxonomía

Amaranthus quitensis foi descritu por Constantine Samuel Rafinesque y espublizóse en Nova Genera et Species Plantarum (quarto ed.) 2: 194. 1817.[1]

Etimoloxía

Amaranthus: nome xenéricu que procede del griegu amaranthos, que significa "flor que nun s'amostalga".[2]

quitensis: epítetu xeográficu qu'alude al so localización en Quitu.[3]

Sinonimia
  • Amaranthus chlorostachys Willd.
  • Amaranthus hybridus L. 1753[3]
  • Amaranthus hybridus subsp. quitensis (Kunth) Costea & Carreteru 2001
  • Amaranthus patulus Bertol.
  • Amaranthus batallerii Sennen
  • Amaranthus chlorostachys var. aciculatus (Thell.) Aellen
  • Amaranthus chlorostachys var. aculeata Thell. ex Sennen
  • Amaranthus chlorostachys var. debilis Sennen
  • Amaranthus edouardii Sennen
  • Amaranthus eugenii Sennen
  • Amaranthus filicaulis Sennen
  • Amaranthus hybridus L. subsp. hybridus L.
  • Amaranthus hybridus subsp. patulus (Bertol.) Carreteru
  • Amaranthus hybridus var. acicularis Thell.
  • Amaranthus hybridus var. hybridus L.
  • Amaranthus incurvatus Timeroy ex Gren. & Godr.
  • Amaranthus patulus var. hemathodes Mariña
  • Amaranthus patulus var. multispiculatus Sennen
  • Amaranthus retroflexus f. valentinus Sennen[4]
  • Amaranthus hybridus subsp. quitensis (Kunth) Costea & Carreteru[5]

Nome común

  • Ataco, yuyo coloriáu, sangorache, ca á rurú.[6]
  • Castellán: amaranto, bledo, bleo, breo, cenizo, ledos, mocu de pavu.

[4]

Referencies

  1. «Amaranthus quitensis». Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. Consultáu'l 21 d'ochobre de 2012.
  2. Amaranthus en Flora de Canaries
  3. En Nomes Botánicos
  4. 4,0 4,1 «Amaranthus quitensis». Real Xardín Botánicu: Proyeutu Anthos. Consultáu'l 24 de payares de 2009.
  5. en PlantList
  6. Sinónimos [1]
  • USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program.

Germplasm Resources Information Network - GRIN. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?2802 (26 nov 2007)

Enllaces esternos

"Cymbidium Esta páxina forma parte del wikiproyeutu Botánica, un esfuerciu collaborativu col fin d'ameyorar y organizar tolos conteníos rellacionaos con esti tema. Visita la páxina d'alderique del proyeutu pa collaborar y facer entrugues o suxerencies.
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Amaranthus quitensis: Brief Summary ( Asturian )

provided by wikipedia AST

Amaranthus quitensis ye una especie de planta con flor perteneciente a la familia Amaranthaceae.

" Vista de la planta
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