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Slo.: ? - Habitat: Partly overgrown scree and rock slopes at the foot of steep mountain side, SW exposed, light and warm place, full sun, fully exposed to precipitations, medium air humidity, precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 380 m (1.250 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: sandy calcareous soil pocket Ch: squamule thallus K-, KC+ light yellow, P+ pale red (?)
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Slo.: pecljata plitvica - Habitat: Mixed woodland, nearly flat ground, cretaceous clastic rock (flysh), partly protected from direct rain by trees canopies, mostly in shade, humid place, average precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, altitude 435 m (1.450 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: rotten petioles of Acer sp. leaves from last year. - Comments: Substrate specific species, yet not completely certain determination. Stalks seem a bit short. Growing in groups of many species, several hundred around. Pileus diameter about 1-3 mm. - Ref.: (1) http://www.bio.uio.no/bot/ascomycetes/Taxa/Rutstroemia.html . (2) M.Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 332. (3) J.Breitenbach, F.Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.1. Ascomycetes, Verlag Mykologia (1984), p 144.
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Slo.: pecljata plitvica - Habitat: Mixed woodland, nearly flat ground, cretaceous clastic rock (flysh), partly protected from direct rain by trees canopies, mostly in shade, humid place, average precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, altitude 435 m (1.450 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: rotten petioles of Acer sp. leaves from last year. - Comments: Substrate specific species, yet not completely certain determination. Stalks seem a bit short. Growing in groups of many species, several hundred around. Pileus diameter about 1-3 mm. - Ref.: (1) http://www.bio.uio.no/bot/ascomycetes/Taxa/Rutstroemia.html . (2) M.Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 332. (3) J.Breitenbach, F.Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.1. Ascomycetes, Verlag Mykologia (1984), p 144.
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Habitat: A group of trees midst of grass patches, N orientation, medium humid place, half shaded, precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 435 m (1.400 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Subtratum: on bark of Fraxinus excelsior at breast height. - Comment: No bitter taste, KC- on soralen, thus not P. amara.
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Habitat: on bark of Fraxinus excelsior at breast height, predominantly N orientation, stand alone group of trees, humid, half shaded, precipitations >3.000 mm/year
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Slo.: vijoliasta elatinka - Habitat: Beach wood, steep southeast faced mountain slope, calcareous ground, in shade and protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 700 m (2.300 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: rotten trunk of a large Fagus sylvatica laying on ground. - Comment: About 2.5 cm (1 inch) across.
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Slo.: vijoliasta elatinka - Habitat: Beach wood, steep southeast faced mountain slope, calcareous ground, in shade and protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 700 m (2.300 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: rotten trunk of a large Fagus sylvatica laying on ground. - Comment: About 2.5 cm (1 inch) across.
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Habitat: Dry upland grassland, open space, plain ground, full sun, fully exposed to precipitations, precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 0-2 deg C, elevation 1.960 m (6.400 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: Shallow mossy soil covering calcareous rock. - References: - F. Dobson, Lichens, The Richmond Publ. (2005), p372. - V.Wirth, Die Flechen Baden-Wuerttembergs, Ulmer, Vol. 1.and 2.(1995), p787. - I. Brodo, S.Sharnoff, S.Sharnoff, Lichens of North America, Yale Uni. Press (2001), p599. - V. Wirth, R.Duell, Farbatlas Flechten und Moose, Ulmer (2000), p116. - Comments: Wirth considers this species as a rare one.
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Slo.: ? - Habitat: Mixed wood, near a stream, humid and shaded place, protected from direct rain by tree canopies, precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 630 m (2.100 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: Bark of a fallen trunk of Fagus sylvatica
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Slo.: ? - Habitat: Mixed wood, near a stream, humid and shaded place, protected from direct rain by tree canopies, precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 630 m (2.100 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: Bark of a fallen trunk of Fagus sylvatica
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Syn.: Calicium abietinum f. glaucellum (Ach.) Erichsen, Calicium abietinum var. glaucellum (Ach.) Vain., Calicium lenticulare f. chlorodes (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Calicium lenticulare var. chlorodes (Nyl.) Erichsen, Calicium quercinum f. chlorodes Nyl., - Habitat: Mixed mountain forest, Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica dominant trees; bottom of an Alpine valley, locally almost flat terrain; alluvial, calcareous grpind; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 4-6 deg C, elevations 1.040 m (3.400 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: decorticated, still standing truck of a dead Picea abies.Comment: Genus Calicium includes very unusually looking lichens. They have crustose thallus, which is sometimes immersed in the substratum or very thin, so it is many times hardly invisible. Contrary to this their apothecia are elevated above the thallus mostly with long, distinct stalk. Here 'distinct' mean distinct under a magnifying glass. They are very, very small, usually less than 1 mm tall and hence not easy to spot.Pictures most probably show species Calicium glaucellum. Size of the shiny black, stalked apothecia, obovoid to weakly bell-shaped apothecia, very thin, almost invisible grayish thallus, absence of pruina (minute whitish covering on some lichens), the ratio of sporocarp height to stalk diameter and substratum speak in favor of Calicium glaucellum. Quite some time I was unable to decide between two possible names: Calicium abietinum and Calicium glaucellum. Sporocarps seem to have too thin stalks compared to their height for Calicium abietinum. Also no pruina was seen. Finally, I found out that Index Fungorum considers both names as synonyms in spite of the fact that most of my literature considers both names as separate species. Obviously they must be quite variable. Obviously microscopy data would make this determination much more reliable.According to Ref.4 and Ref.5 the species has been found in Slovenia several times, also in East Julian Alps (Ref.7). Ref.:(1) F.S. Dobson, Lichens, The Richmonds Publishing Ca.LTD (2005), p 91.(2) C.W.Smith, et all, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland, The British Lichen Society, (2009), p 243.(3) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Teil.1., Ulmer (1995), p 204.(4) Prgger et all. 'Alphabetical list of lichenized fungi for the six phytogeographical regions of Slovenia', http://members.chello.at/johannes.pruegger/uni/slovenia/ (accessed 9.1.2018)(5) Boletus Informaticus Database, Forestry Institute of Slovenia http://www.zdravgozd.si/bi_index.aspx (accessed 9.1.2018)(6) http://www.waysofenlichenment.net/lichens/Calicium/ (accessed 9.1.2018)(7) F. Bati, K. Primoi, B. Surina, T. Trot & H. Mayzhofer, Contributions to the lichen flora of Slovenia X. - Contributions to the lichen flora from the Slovenian Julian Alps, Herzogia 16, (2003): 143154
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Syn.: Calicium abietinum f. glaucellum (Ach.) Erichsen, Calicium abietinum var. glaucellum (Ach.) Vain., Calicium lenticulare f. chlorodes (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Calicium lenticulare var. chlorodes (Nyl.) Erichsen, Calicium quercinum f. chlorodes Nyl., - Habitat: Mixed mountain forest, Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica dominant trees; bottom of an Alpine valley, locally almost flat terrain; alluvial, calcareous grpind; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 4-6 deg C, elevations 1.040 m (3.400 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: decorticated, still standing truck of a dead Picea abies. Comment: Genus Calicium includes very unusually looking lichens. They have crustose thallus, which is sometimes immersed in the substratum or very thin, so it is many times hardly invisible. Contrary to this their apothecia are elevated above the thallus mostly with long, distinct stalk. Here 'distinct' mean distinct under a magnifying glass. They are very, very small, usually less than 1 mm tall and hence not easy to spot. Pictures most probably show species Calicium glaucellum. Size of the shiny black, stalked apothecia, obovoid to weakly bell-shaped apothecia, very thin, almost invisible grayish thallus, absence of pruina (minute whitish covering on some lichens), the ratio of sporocarp height to stalk diameter and substratum speak in favor of Calicium glaucellum. Quite some time I was unable to decide between two possible names: Calicium abietinum and Calicium glaucellum. Sporocarps seem to have too thin stalks compared to their height for Calicium abietinum. Also no pruina was seen. Finally, I found out that Index Fungorum considers both names as synonyms in spite of the fact that most of my literature considers both names as separate species. Obviously they must be quite variable. Obviously microscopy data would make this determination much more reliable. According to Ref.4 and Ref.5 the species has been found in Slovenia several times, also in East Julian Alps (Ref.7). Ref.: (1) F.S. Dobson, Lichens, The Richmonds Publishing Ca.LTD (2005), p 91. (2) C.W.Smith, et all, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland, The British Lichen Society, (2009), p 243. (3) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Teil.1., Ulmer (1995), p 204. (4) Prgger et all. 'Alphabetical list of lichenized fungi for the six phytogeographical regions of Slovenia', http://members.chello.at/johannes.pruegger/uni/slovenia/ (accessed 9.1.2018) (5) Boletus Informaticus Database, Forestry Institute of Slovenia http://www.zdravgozd.si/bi_index.aspx (accessed 9.1.2018) (6) http://www.waysofenlichenment.net/lichens/Calicium/ (accessed 9.1.2018) (7) F. Bati, K. Primoi, B. Surina, T. Trot & H. Mayzhofer, Contributions to the lichen flora of Slovenia X. - Contributions to the lichen flora from the Slovenian Julian Alps, Herzogia 16, (2003): 143154
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Pleopsidium chlorophanum = yellow, Caloplaca trachyphylla = orange. Not completely confident of identification; I am not a lichenologist.