Common Starling

Sturnus vulgaris Linnaeus 1758

Werner Witte http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/

Sturnus vulgaris (Common Starling) is a species of birds in the family starlings. They are found in The Nearctic, Afrotropics, australasia, the indo-malayan realm, and the palearctic. They are diurnal omnivores. Individuals are known to live for 22.9 years. They have parental care (occasionally breeds cooperatively).

URI: https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q737742
Definition: one of the eight terrestrial ecozones constituting the Earth's land surface
Attribution: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ecozone_Nearctic.svg

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URI: http://eol.org/schema/terms/Afrotropical
Attribution: https://www.oneearth.org/realms/afrotropics/

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URI: http://eol.org/schema/terms/Australasia
Attribution: https://www.oneearth.org/realms/australasia/

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URI: http://eol.org/schema/terms/IndoMalayan
Attribution: https://www.oneearth.org/realms/indomalaya/

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URI: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q106447

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URI: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q164509
Definition: organism consuming a variety of foods, usually including both plants and animals

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URI: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q906470
Definition: animal behavior characterized by activity during the day, with a period of inactivity at night.

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URI: http://eol.org/schema/terms/occasionalCooperativeBreeding
Definition: The species has been known to breed cooperatively, with nonparents providing care.
Attribution: Richard M. Sibly, Christopher C. Witt, Natalie A. Wright, Chris Venditti, Walter Jetz, and James H. Brown. 2012. Energetics, lifestyle, and reproduction in birds. PNAS 109(27):10937-10941, doi:10.1073/pnas.1206512109

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EOL has data for 39 attributes, including:

basal metabolic rate
- URI: http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/165109007
- Definition: Basal metabolic rate (BMR) is the amount of energy expended daily by humans and other animals at rest. Rest is defined as existing in a neutrally temperate environment while in the post-absorptive state.
- Attribution: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Basal_metabolic_rate&oldid=581343469
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0.877 watts
body temperature
- URI: http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/CSP/2871-4249
- Definition: The degree of heat in the body of a living organism, temperature is measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a sample of matter, expressed in terms of units or degrees designated on a standard scale.
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109.25 degrees fahrenheit
foraging habitat
- URI: http://eol.org/schema/terms/ForagingHabitat
- Definition: Primary habitat where the species forages during the breeding season.
- Attribution: Richard M. Sibly, Christopher C. Witt, Natalie A. Wright, Chris Venditti, Walter Jetz, and James H. Brown. 2012. Energetics, lifestyle, and reproduction in birds. PNAS 109(27):10937-10941, doi:10.1073/pnas.1206512109
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terrestrial
- URI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000446
- Definition: A biome that applies to the terrestrial realm.
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geographic distribution includes
- URI: http://eol.org/schema/terms/Present
- Definition: This organism is known to be present in this location or region. Not exclusive; other regions may also be reported.
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United States
- URI: http://www.geonames.org/6252001
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growth rate
- URI: http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/260865002
- Definition: The rate of increase in the size of an organism per unit time.
- Comment: Replace with GO:growth and PATO:rate once it is available through BATTO.
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0.409 /day
habitat includes
- URI: http://eol.org/schema/terms/Habitat
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city
- URI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000856
- Definition: Incorporated populated place.
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initial mortality rate
- URI: http://eol.org/schema/terms/InitialMortalityRate
- Definition: The initial mortality rate (IMR) represents the mortality rate independently of the ageing process. Though there are different methods, the IMR is typically estimated from the mortality rate prior to its exponential increase with age, which can be obtained from the mortality curve (by looking at the baseline mortality prior to its exponential increase) or, for mice, by using t = 0.25 in the Gompertz equation.
- Attribution: From senescence.info. Human Ageing Genomic Resources (HAGR). Estimating the Rate of Ageing. http://genomics.senescence.info/software/demographic.html
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0.5 /year
litters per year
- URI: http://eol.org/schema/terms/LittersPerYear
- Definition: Number of litters per female per year
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2 /year
mortality rate doubling time
- URI: http://eol.org/schema/terms/MortalityRateDoublingTime
- Definition: The mortality rate doubling time (MRDT) is considered to be a measure of the rate of ageing. It is estimated from the slope of the Gompertz curve by: MRDT = 0.693/G where G is the exponential (Gompertz) mortality rate coefficient.
- Attribution: From senescence.info. Human Ageing Genomic Resources (HAGR). Estimating the Rate of Ageing. http://genomics.senescence.info/software/demographic.html
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8 years
population trend
- URI: http://eol.org/schema/terms/population_trend
- Definition: i.e., increasing, decreasing, stable, or unknown
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Decreasing
prenatal development duration
- URI: http://eol.org/schema/terms/PrenatalDevelopmentDuration
- Definition: The duration of the development from fertilized, deposited or implanted egg to hatching/birth. Corresponds to egg incubation duration in oviparous animals and to gestation period duration in viviparous animals.
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14 days
water temperature
- URI: http://eol.org/schema/terms/SeawaterTemperature
- Definition: Temperature of the water at a location where this organism has been observed or collected.
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16.537 degrees celsius

Known occurrences, collected specimens and observations of Common Starling. View this species on GBIF

Werner Witte http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/

Common Starling includes 13 children: