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2011-08-06 Lower Austria, district Neunkirchen - Rax northern slope (1780 msm Quadrant 8260/3).German name: sterreich-Kranzenzian
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Gentiana clusii Perr. & Song., syn.: Gentiana clusii ssp.undulatifoliaTrumpet Gentian, DE: Clusius' Enzian, Kalk-Glocken-EnzianSlo.: Cluzijev sviDat.: July 2. 2014Lat.: 46.43901 Long.: 13.64296Code: Bot_807/2014-DSC1435Habitat: alpine grassland, south inclined moderate mountain slope, calcareous, skeletal, shallow ground; sunny and dry place, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 0-2 deg C,elevation 1.985 m (6.500 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: skeletal calcareous soil.Place: Mt. Mangart's flats, somewhat below the beginning of terminal loop of Mt. Mangart alpine road, west of the top of Mt. Mangart, 2.679 m (8.790 feet), East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comment: Gentiana clusii is probably the second on list of the best known and most popular alpine flowers not much left 'behind' Edelweiss (Leontopodium alpinum). Pictures of its beautiful and large (particularly compared to the leaves!) flowers have been used on countless products, from chocolates to toilet tissues, adds, signs, logos, etc., etc. Hundreds of millions of people have seen it printed, stylized, projected, but much less have had a real encounter with this mountain miracle.Gentiana clusii is a common species in Slovenian Alps growing from lower montane elevations (the lowest stand I know in my region is at good 500 m elevation) up to alpine zone. It inhabits almost whole Alps and all surrounding mountain groups, but it stays on European ground.Although I have seen and photographed Gentiana clusii many times, this group was extraordinary beautiful and magnanimous. About forty densely packed large flowers were there growing in three close groups, almost all of them in perfect shape. A true delight for everybody and particularly for a photographer. Another 'king of the Alps'! Genus name of Gentiana clusii origins from Latin name of its brother Gentiana lutea, a highly efficient medical plant (also my personal experience), which Plinius named after the last Illyria king of Skodra about a century BC. The white flowers shown on some of the pictures are Dryas octopetala and Aster bellidiastrum. Salix herbacea, Miosotis alpestris and Helianthemum nummularium can also be spotted.Protected according to 'Uredba o zavarovanih prosto iveih rastlinskih vrstah'Ur.l. RS, t. 46/2004 (Regulation on protected wild plants, Official gazette of Republic of Slovenia, No. 46/2004). Gentiana clusii is enlisted in the Slovene Red List of rare and endangered species. It was marked by "V" representing a vulnerable species, but is now re-categorized to mark "O1" representing a potentially endangered species.Ref.:(1) D. Aeschimann, K. Lauber, D.M. Moser, J.P. Theurillat, Flora Alpina, Vol. 2., Haupt (2004), p 16.(2) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije, Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007) (in Slovene), p 508. (3) M.A.Fischer, W.Adler, K.Oswald, Exkursionsflora sterreich Liechtenstein, Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 694.(4) H.Genaust, Etymologisches Wrterbuch der Botanischen Pflanzennamen, Nikol Verlag (2012), p264.
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Lake Louise, Alberta, Canada
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Castillo Mayor. Pirineo aragons (Espaa)Familia: GENTIANACEAEDistribucin: Eurosiberiana, distribuida en Europa por el C, S y E. En la Pennsula Ibrica se restringe a los sistemas montaosos del cuadrante NE, fundamentalmente Pirineos y Sistema Ibrico. Extendida en Aragn sobre todo por los montes del Alto Pirineo, ms algunas sierras prepirenaicas (San Juan de la Pea, Oroel, Guara) y las serranas ms hmedas del Sistema Ibrico (Gdar y Maestrazgo, Montes Universales y Moncayo principalmente).Hbitat: Pastos no muy secos y herbazales mesofticos de claros y lindes de bosque, sobre todo pinares, por lo general sobre sustrato calizo.Preferencia edfica: Basfila Calccola Rango altitudinal:( 680 ) 1000- 1750 ( 1900 ) mFloracin: ( Junio ) Julio - Agosto ( Septiembre )Forma Biolgica: Hemicriptfito escaposoExtractado del Atlas de la Flora de Aragn (Herbario de Jaca)
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The flower of Chironia gratissima (Gentianaceae) with the so characteristically twisted anthers on Mount Tsetserra in Mozambique.
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Vermont, Wisconsin, United States
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Wilson, Florida, United States
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Gentianella anisodonta (Borbas) Lve & Lve ssp. calycina (Koch) Lve & Lve, syn.: Gentiana obtusifolia Willd. var. calycina Koch, Gentiana anisodonta Borbas ssp. calycina (Koch) HayekDolomitian Gentian, DE.: Kelh-KranzenzianSlo.: aasti svievecDat.: Aug. 1. 2015Lat.: 46.44194 Long.: 13.63686Code: Bot_906/2015_DSC8234Picture file names: from Gentianella-anisodonta-ssp-calycina_raw_30 to Gentianella-anisodonta-ssp-calycina_raw_35.Habitat: Steep grassland, southeast aspect; skeletal, calcareous ground; open place, full sun, exposed to direct rain; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature about 0 deg C, elevation 2.030 m (6.700 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil.Place: Mt. Mangart region, grass covered southeast slopes of the ridge between ez jezik pass, 2.055 m and Sedelce pass, 2.031 m, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comment: Gentianella anisodonta ssp. calycina is a beautiful plant, which blooms late and is therefore one of last autumn joys of mountain flowers lovers. It is a plant with not yet agreed upon taxonomy. No wonder! Most species of this genus are very variable. Plants which bloom first in late spring, those, which bloom in summer and those, which bloom even later, may differ drastically in their habitus. All kinds of intermediates can be found. Some authors simply recognize only the name Gentianella anisodonta (Ref.: 3. for example), others distinguish three different taxa within this species name, either on subspecies, varieties or forms level. Nevertheless, Gentianella anisodonta ssp. calycina is considered a high mountains taxon, which doesn't change much regarding different blooming time. Shape, size, sameness and type of the edge of calyx lobes are particularly important in determination. Gentianella anisodonta ssp. calycina has papillate edges of calyx lobes (papillae can be seen on Fig.34). The papillae are about twice as long as thick. Very, very similarly looking but much rarer Gentianella pilosa differs just in a small detail. Its mid rib of calyx lobes is minutely papillate too, contrary to Gentianella anisodonta ssp. calycina. The difference can be seen only using a good hand lens. Regardless to this, both plants are very beautiful and there is fortunately only one 'kind' of beauty!Ref.:(1) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora fr sterreich, Liechtenstein und Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 698.(2) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007), p 511. (3) D. Aeschimann, K. Lauber, D.M. Moser, J.P. Theurillat, Flora Alpina, Vol. 2., Haupt (2004), p 28.
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Maquipucuna Preserve, Ecuador, 2008.
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Jeniang, Kedah, Malaysia
Fagraea racemosa Jack ex Wallich. Loganiaceae, also placed in Gentianaceae. CN: [Malay - Kopi utan, Sepuleh, Setebal, Kayu si markop-kopi, Melingu], False coffee tree, Kukodmon. Woody perennial shrub reaching 12m height, smooth stem, leaves opposite, large, thick and fleshy. Inflorescence terminal, drooping, flowers crowded short-stalked, single flower, calyx and corolla tube fleshy, petal thick, cream white and tinged pink on the outside, stamen 5 attached to the petals. Fruit single oval berry.Synonym(s):
Fagraea maingayi C.B. Clarke
Fagraea morindaefolia (Reinw.) Blume
Fagraea subreticulata BlumeRef and suggested reading:
www.worldagroforestrycentre.org/sea/Products/AFDbases/af/...www.globinmed.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=a...www.worldagroforestrycentre.org/sea/Products/AFDbases/af/...
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Gentiana lutea ssp. symphyandra (Murb.) Hayek, syn.: Gentiana symphyandra Murb.Great Yellow Gentian, Bitter Root, Bitterwort, DE: Verwachsenstaubblttriger EnzianSlo.: bratinski koutnik, zraslopranini rumeni sviDat.: June 20. 2006Lat.: 45.45977 Long.: 14.01204Code: Bot_137/2006_DSC2086Picture file names: from Gentiana lutea-ssp-symphyandra_raw_30 to Gentiana lutea-ssp-symphyandra_raw_35.Habitat: Dry grassland, former pasture, slightly inclined mountain slope, south aspect, open, warm and dry place; calcareous ground, limestone; elevation 980 m (3.200 feet), average precipitations ~ 1.500-1.600 mm/year, average temperature 10-12 deg C, sub-Mediterranean phytogeographical region. sub-Mediterranean phytogeographical regionSubstratum: soil.Place: Northwest of the top of Mt. bevnica, 1014 m (3.327 feet), iarija Mountains, Croatia EC. Comment: Gentiana lutea ssp. symphyandra is a magnificent plant up to 1.5 m tall. It is an old and very powerful medicinal herb recognized by science too and included in pharmacopeia of many nations. About 6.000 tons of its roots are used in the pharma industry in Europe every year (Ref.4). Since the plant is quite rare, endangered and protected by law, most, if not completely, of it comes from plantations. To my personal experience this is the most effective and almost immediately helping remedy for stomach problems (lack of digesting juices). It is the most bitter plant (roots) I've ever tasted.In Slovenia another relative of it - Gentiana lutea ssp. vardjanii Wraber - is also growing. Both plants are similar from far. But they can be easily distinguished by a small flower detail. In Gentiana lutea ssp. vardjanii the stamens are free, while Gentiana lutea ssp. symphyandra has grown together stamens. The last one also has small brown dots on its petals (see picture 33).Protected according to: Uredba o zavarovanih prostoiveih rastlinskih vrstah, poglavje A, Uradni list RS, t. 46/2004 (Regulation of protected wild plants, chapter A, Official Gazette of Republic Slovenia, no. 46/2004), (2004).Pravilnik o uvrstitvi ogroenih rastlinskih in ivalskih vrst v rdei seznam, Uradni list RS, t. 82/2002 (Regulation of enlisting of endangered plant and animal species onto Red List, Official Gazette of Republic Slovenia, no. 82/2002) (2002).Enlisted in the Slovene Red List of rare and endangered species, marked by "V" representing a vulnerable species.Ref.:(1) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007), p 508. (2) D. Aeschimann, K. Lauber, D.M. Moser, J.P. Theurillat, Flora Alpina, Vol. 2., Haupt (2004), p 10.(3) A. Kuar in D. Barievi, Cultivation Trials of Yellow Gentian (Gentiana lutea L. subsp. symphyandra Murb.) in West Part of Slovenia (in Slovene), Acta agriculturae Slovenica, 87 - 2, (2006), pp 213 224; available at:
aas.bf.uni-lj.si/september2006/03kusar.pdf
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Chelonanthus viridiflorus (Mart.) Gilg(Sin. hom. Irlbachia alata subsp. viridiflora (Mart.) J.G.M.Pers. & MaasGENTIANACEAELocal: SMPW, APA Gama Cabea de VeadoRef.: a) Medeiros, J.D. Guia de campo: vegetao do Cerrado 500 espcies. MMA, 2011; b) Cordeiro, I. e Hoch, A.M. Gentianaceae. In. Wanderley, M.G.L. et. al. Flora Fanerogmica do Estado de So Paulo.Vol. 4, 2005.
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am6188-2
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/
shrub to 2.5 m, stems green; calyx yellow-green, corolla cream, filaments and pistil very pale green, anthers pale yellow, stigma green. Photo Project web address:
www.inbio.ac.cr/pila-darwin/
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Lonavala, Maharashtra, India
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Copenhagen, Hovedstaden, Denmark
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Wilson, Florida, United States
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image of Gentiana flavida YELLOWISH GENTIAN at the James Woodworth Prairie Preserve - a lone specimen at bloom