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Chih-Yi Chang, Hsy-Yu Tzeng, Yen-Hsueh Tseng
Phytokeys
Figure 4.
Holotypes of the three species of Cirsiumsect.Onotrophe in Taiwan. AC.tatakaense Y.H.Tseng & C.Y.Chang, C. Y. Chang 1444 (TCF) BC.kawakamii Hayata, T. Kawakami & U. Mori 2279 (TI!) CC.arisanense Kitam., S. Kitamura s.n. (KYO!).
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Cirsium vulgareSpear Thistle Cirsium vulgare. UK: Northumberland: Harthope Valley; 55°31'5.14"N 2° 2'25.20"W. 16 July 2009.
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This high elevation Utah native thistle (Cirsium eatonii var. eatonii) will continue to produce occasional blooms into early fall when most other plants at a similar elevation are long past flowering.This species might be confused with the noxious C. arvense which is not native to North America, and while both are prickly, they are otherwise quite dissimilar, and unlike C. arvense, this thistle behaves itself. You do not however want to step on or come into contact with either!Sept. 23, 2015, Brighton area, Big Cottonwood Canyon, Salt Lake County, Utah, elev. approx. 9,000 ft. (2740 m). Occasional plants also observed in flower on Sept. 28, 2016 in this same area.
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Orinda, California, United States
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Cirsium canumQueen Anne's Thistle, Grau-KratzdistelSlo.: sivi osatDat.: July 1. 2008Lat.: 45.78886 Long.: 14.54183Code: Bot_279/2008_DSC0913 Habitat: Grassland with some bushes and single trees, flat terrain, sunny and wet place, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations 1.600-1.800 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 770 m (2.500 feet), Dinaric phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil.Place: Bloke flats, North-East of village Nova Vas, Godievo, Notranjska, Slovenia EC Ref.:(1) A.Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije, Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007), p 678.
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Drenthe, Netherlands
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Knowstone, England, United Kingdom
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United States
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Brigham, Wisconsin, United States
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Chefchaouene, Tangier-Tetouan, Morocco
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Cirsium acaule Scop. Dwarf Thistle, DE: Erd-Kratzdiestel, Federshopdistel, Stengellose KratzdiestelSlo.: brezstebelni osatDat.: Sept. 5. 2008Lat.: 45.45027 Long.: 13.84172Code: Bot_294/2008_DSC3095Habitat: Karst dry grassland, almost flat terrain; skeletal, stony, calcareous ground; open, sunny, dry place; exposed to direct rain; average precipitations 1.100 - 1.200 mm/year, average temperature 12-14 deg C, elevation 450 m (1.500 feet), submediterranean phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil.Place: Between villages Abitanti and Gradin, about 50 m north of the local road under power lines, Istria, Slovenia EC.Comment: To recognize Cirsium acaule is an easy task. The plant is far the smallest of all genus Cirsium members as well as of similar Carduus species. It has almost no stem. If it has it, it's never taller than 15 cm. It has large, up to 5 cm in diameter, nice purple-red flower heads. The flowers photographed were at the end of their flowering season and hence didn't display any more their full beauty.Cirsium acaule is widely distributed. It grows also in montane and subalpine elevations of almost all parts of the Alps with exception of northeast Alps and Slovenian Alps. It can be found also in Jura Mountains, Carpathians, Pyrenees and Apennines. In Slovenia one can find it in its south and southwest part, particularly in submediterranean phytogeographical region of the country. Interestingly it was found also in West Julian Alps west of Posoje in UTM square 9547 UTM on the Italian side of its area, but not (yet?) on our side (Ref.: 6 and 7).Ref.:(1) K.Lauber and G.Wagner, Flora Helvetica, 5. Auflage, Haupt (2012), p 1146.(2) D. Aeschimann, K. Lauber, D.M. Moser, J.P. Theurillat, Flora Alpina, Vol. 2., Haupt (2004), p 588.(3) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora fr sterreich, Liechtenstein und Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 930.(4) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007) (in Slovene), p 680. (5) E.J. Jger, Rothmaler 3, Exkursionsflora von Deutschland, 11. Aufl., Elsevier, Spectrum (2007), p 549. (6) N. Jogan (ed.), Gradivo za Atlas flore Slovenije (Materials for the Atlas of Flora of Slovenia), CKSF (2001), p 109.(7) L.Poldini, Nuovo Atlante corologico delle piante vascolari nel Friuli Venezia Giulia,University of Trieste (2002), p 140.
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Chechaouen, Tangier-Tetouan, Morocco
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2010-06-22 Lower Austria, district Neunkirchen (mixed forest, 800 msm Quadrant 8161/4).German name: Cirsium erisithales
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Cirsium spinosissimumSpiniest Thistle, Alpen-Kratzdistel Slo.: trnati osatDat.: Aug. 22. 2013Lat.: 46.44183 Long.: 13.64500Code: Bot_745/2013_DSC7588 Habitat: stony alpine grassland, almost flat terrain, calcareous and moist ground, open place, full sun, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 0-2 deg C, elevation 1.965 m (6.450 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil among rocks.Place: Mangart flats region, near the largest snow valley west of Mt. Mangart's west face, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comment: Growing solitary and in large groups, many plants. This is another common plant of Julian Alps, which doesn't grow at lower elevations and is bound to subalpine and alpine elevations. Ref.:(1) A.Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije, Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (1999), p 586. (2) H.Haeupler, T. Muer, Bildatlas der Farn- und Bluetenpflazen Deutschlands, Ulmer (2000), p 517.
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Cotswold District, England, United Kingdom
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Cirsium x ochroleucum All. (= Cirsium erisithales x Cirsium palustre) Slo.: krianec med lepkim in movirskim osatomDat.: Sept. 2. 2015Lat.: 46.36940 Long.: 13.73356Code: Bot_911/2015_DSC9180Habitat: Dirt roadside, at the border of mixed forest with Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica dominant, northwest aspect, semiruderal place; shallow, skeletal, calcareous ground; partly shady, humid and rather cool place; exposed to direct rain; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 610 m (2.000 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: stony soil.Place: Lower Trenta valley, roadside of a forest dirt road; south outskirts of village Trenta, left bank of River Soa, east of farmhouse Maselc, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comment: Species of genus Cirsium are prone to hybridization. Since we have 16 species and subspecies of this genus growing in Slovenia the theoretical number of possible crosses is huge. Of cause, not all combinations are possible in real life; nevertheless, many different crosses have been described and named. The determination of them is not always easy. But the plant photographed is relatively easy recognizable hybrid between Cirsium palustre and Cirsium erisithales. Both parents are present in lower Trenta valley. Particularly Cirsium palustre is common on slopes on the left bank of river Soa, which are in shade of a mountain and moister than on the right banks because of topography and local geology. Large, deeply lobed and soft leaves situated mainly at the lower part of the stem, sparsely branched habitus with long branches, thin, spine-free stem and hanging flower heads are typical traits of Cirsium erisithales, while spiny edges of the leaves and their upper side surface, deeply decurrent leaf base, size and shape of the flower heads and purple color of the flowers origin in Cirsium palustre (C. erisithales is pale yellow).There was only a single plant growing there. This is the first time I've seen this interesting hybrid. Ref.:(1) Personal communication with Dr. Igor Dakskobler, Jovan Hadi Institute of Biology, Slovenian Academy of Art and Science, Tolmin (confirmation of determination).(2) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora fr sterreich, Liechtenstein und Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 929 and p 931.(3) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key), Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007) (in Slovenian), p 678 and p 679. (4) D. Aeschimann, K. Lauber, D.M. Moser, J.P. Theurillat, Flora Alpina, Vol. 2., Haupt (2004), p 584 and p 590.
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I spent time sorting out whether this was the rare native Franciscan Thistle or the invasive Bull Thistle. I'm pretty sure the "webby" fibers around the globe distinguish this as a Franciscan.
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Laura S. Walker SP
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Hodgson Vale, Queensland, Australia
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Bishop, California, United States
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California, United States
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close up image of Cirsium discolor PASTURE THISTLE at the James Woodworth Prairie Preserve - a singe flower at full bloomThis species is featured in the soon-to-be-published book, Abundant Splendor: Wildflowers of the Prairie. Contact frank@black-sweater-art.com for more information.
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Chiriqui, Panama