Centers for Disease Control/Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria
EOL staff
Life cycle of Spirometra tapeworms causing sparganosis in humansAdult tapeworms in the genus Spirometra live in the intestines of dogs and cats (7). Eggs are shed in feces (1) and embryonate in the environment (2). Eggs hatch in water and release coracidia (3), which are ingested by copepods. The coracidia develop into procercoid larvae in the copepod intermediate host (4). Second intermediate hosts, including fish, reptiles and amphibians, ingest infected copepods and acquire procercoid larvae. The procercoid larvae develop into plerocercoid larvae in the second intermediate host (5). The cycle is completed when a predator (dog or cat) eats an infected second intermediate host (6). Humans cannot serve as definitive hosts for Spirometra spp., but serve as paratenic hosts ("transport hosts") or second intermediate hosts (8) and develop sparganosis. Humans acquire sparganosis by either drinking water contaminated with infected copepods or consuming the flesh of an under-cooked second intermediate or paratenic host. Larvae of these tapeworms (spargana) can live up to 20 years in the human host.From Centers for Disease Control Parasites and Health website.
Nybelinia basimegacanthaFigure 11 (top) of paper. Nybelinia basimegacantha Carvajal, Campbell & Cornford, 1976, specimen from Neoniphon sammaraIan Beveridge, Rodney A. Bray, Thomas H. Cribb and Jean-Lou Justine - Beveridge, I., Bray, R. A., Cribb, T. H. & Justine, J.-L. 2014: Diversity of trypanorhynch metacestodes in teleost fishes from coral reefs off eastern Australia and New Caledonia. Parasite, 21, 60. doi:10.1051/parasite/2014060From Wikipedia.org
Ana Maria Leal-Zanchet, Stella Teles de Souza, Rodrigo Lopes Ferreira
Zookeys
Figures 6–8.Hausera hauseri Leal-Zanchet & Souza, sp. n.: 6–7 photograph of live specimens in dorsal view, one of them (6) with intestine containing food and the pharynx visible 8 photograph of a preserved specimen (paratype MZU PL.00142) in dorsal view; grains of sand are seen over the dorsal surface. Scale bar for the figs 6–7 not available.
Stella Teles de Souza, Ana Laura Nunes Morais, Lívia Medeiros Cordeiro, Ana Maria Leal-Zanchet
Zookeys
Figures 4–6.Girardia multidiverticulata: 4 photograph of a live specimen in ventral view soon after sampling 5 photograph of a live specimen, in ventral view, fed at the laboratory 6 photograph of a preserved specimen in ventral view. The tip of the pharynx is protruded (arrow) through the mouth. Scale bar for the Fig. 4 not available.
Edgar F. Mendoza-Franco, Mariela del Carmen Rosado Tun, Allan de Jesús Duarte Anchevida, Rodolfo E. del Rio Rodríguez
Zookeys
Figure 2.
Haliotrematoidesheteracantha from Lutjanussynagris from Campeche Bank, Mexico: vaginae. Scale bar: 30 µm. Abbreviations: Pr = Prostatic reservoir.