Trollius chinensis Bunge

Stems more than 20 cm tall, to 80 cm at fruiting, simple. Basal leaves 1--4; petiole 12--30 cm, base narrowly sheathed; leaf blade not green when dried, pentagonal, 3.8--6.8 × 6.8--12.5 cm, base cordate, 3-sect; central segment rhombic, 3-fid to or beyond middle, margin densely unequally dentate; lateral segments obliquely flabellate, 2-fid nearly to base. Cauline leaves similar to basal ones, shortly petiolate or sessile. Pedicel 5--9 cm. Flower solitary, or 2 or 3 flowers in a terminal cyme, 3.8--5.5 cm in diam. Sepals (6--)10--15(--19), golden yellow, not green when dried, elliptic-obovate or obovate, 1.5--2.8 × 0.7--1.6 cm, apex rounded. Petals 18--21, narrowly linear, subequaling or longer than sepals, rarely shorter than sepals, 1.8--2.2 cm × 1.2--1.5 mm. Stamens 0.5--1.1 cm. Follicles 20--30, 1--1.2 cm × ca. 3 mm; persistent style ca. 1 mm. Seeds subovoid, ca. 1.5 mm, smooth. Fl. Jun--Jul, fr. Aug--Sep. 2n = 16*.

Plant 30-60 cm. Roots tufted. Basal leaves long-petioled, palmately 3-5 partites, 5-20 cm x 3-10 cm. Stem leaves smaller, upper sessile. Flowers large, 5-6 cm diam., orange-yellow. Petal nectaries twice as long as sepals. V - early spring to early autumn, in St. Petersburg April-September. Fl - a month later than the other species, in St. Petersburg July. P - mainly by division, also by seed. Undemanding as to soil, tolerates shade, prefers partial shade. Z 4 (3).

Stems more than 40 cm tall, to 100 cm at fruiting, simple. Basal leaves 2--4; petiole 10--28 cm, base narrowly sheathed; leaf blade not green when dried, pentagonal, 5.5--9.2 × 11--16 cm, 3-sect; central segment rhombic, 3-fid, ultimate lobules unequally dentate; lateral segments obliquely flabellate, unequally 2-fid. Cauline leaves 3 or 4, similar to basal ones. Flower solitary, 3.5--4.5 cm in diam. Sepals 5--7, golden yellow, orange-yellow when dried, broadly ovate or obovate, 1.5--2 (--2.5) × 1.2--1.5 cm, apex rounded. Petals 14--22, narrowly linear, longer than sepals, sometimes subequaling sepals, 1.8--2.6 cm × ca. 1 mm. Stamens 1--2 cm. Follicles 20--40, ca. 1.3 cm × 4 mm; persistent style 3.5--4 mm. Seeds black, narrowly obovoid-globose, ca. 1.5 mm. Fl. Jul--Sep, fr. Jul.

Hebei, N Henan, W Jilin, W Liaoning, E Nei Mongol, Shanxi.

Far East (southern and western regions, Sakhalin), China and Japan. Wet meadows, shrub thickets, open places, forest margins.

Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning [N Korea, Russia (Far East)].

* Grassy slopes; 1000--2200 m.

Wet grasslands; 400--600 m.

Trollius asiaticus Linnaeus var. chinensis (Bunge) Maximowicz.

Trollius ledebourii Reichenbach var. macropetalus Regel, Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Ser. 7, 4: 4. 1861; T. chinensis Bunge subsp. macropetalus (Regel) Luferov.