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Orchis mascula ssp. speciosa (Muteli) Hegi, syn.: Orchis mascula ssp. signifera (Vest) So, Orchis speciosa Vest, Orchis speciosa Host, Orchis mascula ssp acutiflora (Koch) Quentin, Orchis ovalis F.W.Schmidt, + about 40 other namesFamily: OrchidaceaeSplendid Early Purple Orchid, DE: Prchtiges Knabenkraut, Pracht Manns-KnabenkrautSlo.: zvezdnata kukavicaDat.: May 11. 2012Lat.: 45.79269 Long.: 14.50596Code: Bot_616/2012_DSC3249Habitat: Grassland, flat terrain; brown soil, sunny, open place; elevation 740 m (2.430 feet); average precipitations 1.600-1.800 mm/year, average temperature 7-8 deg C, Dinamic phytogeographical region. Substratum: brown soil.Place: North of the road from village Velike Bloke to settlement Ravnik, southwest of settlement Lahovo; Bloke flats, Notranjska, Slovenia EC.Comment (text relates to pictures included in the Flickr album Orchis mascula ssp. speciosa): Orchis mascula ssp. speciosa is a very beautiful and quite common orchid in Slovenia. This European floral element grows mostly in the East Alps, Carpathians and in Balkan peninsula from sea level up to over 2.000 m elevation. Taxonomically it is a problematic plant. The list of its synonym names has more than 40 entries from several genera. This species or subspecies, as you wish, presents problems as different geographical populations reveal not just different morphological characteristics but also varying genetic content (more in Ref.4). Nevertheless, in Slovenia it is relatively easy to be identified by its beauty, statuesque habit, 'stormily' shaped flowers and small dark reddish dots on the lowest part of the stem and leaves. Especially side sepals of the flowers seem to me unique by its significant length, vividly wavy shape and pointed ends.Protected according to: Uredba o zavarovanih prostoiveih rastlinskih vrstah, poglavje A, Uradni list RS, t. 46/2004 (Regulation of protected wild plants, chapter A, Official Gazette of Republic Slovenia, no. 46/2004), (2004). Pravilnik o uvrstitvi ogroenih rastlinskih in ivalskih vrst v rdei seznam, Uradni list RS, t. 82/2002 (Regulation of enlisting of endangered plant and animal species onto Red List, Official Gazette of Republic Slovenia, no. 82/2002) (2002). Enlisted in the Slovene Red List of rare and endangered species, marked by "V" representing a vulnerable species.Ref.:(1) Personal communication with Mr. Branko Dolinar,
www.orhideje.si(2) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora fr sterreich, Liechtenstein und Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 1047.(3) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007), p 780.(4)
www.orchidsofbritainandeuropetest.uk/Orchis ovalis.html (accessed March 13. 2019)(5) H. Baumann, S. Kuenkele, R.Lorenz, Orchideen Europas, Ulmer (2006), p 228.(6) H. Kretzschmar, Die Orchideen Deutschlands und angrenzenden Lander, Quelle Meyer (2008), p 221.(7) D. Aeschimann, K. Lauber, D.M. Moser, J.P. Theurillat, Flora Alpina, Vol. 2., Haupt (2004), p 1130.(8) B. Dolinar, Kukavievke v Sloveniji (Orchidaceae of Slovenia) (in Slovenian), Pipinova Knjiga (2015), p 145.
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Paphos District, Cyprus
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Jimena, Andalusia, Spain
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Orchis palustris ssp. palustris Jacq., Orchis laxiflora ssp. palustris (Jacq.) Bonnier et Layens, Anacamptis palustris (Jacq.) R.M.Bateman,Marsh orchid, Lax-flowered Marsh Orchid , DE: Sumpf-KnabenkrautSlo.: movirska kukavicaDat.: June 10, 2008Lat.: 45.84280 Long.: 14.26416 Code: Bot_270/2008_DSC9062Habitat: moist grassland, flat terrain, open place, full sun, average precipitations 1.600 - 1.800 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 460 m (1.530 feet), Dinaric phytogeographical region. Substratum: wet soil.Comments: Orchis palustris ssp. palustris is a beautiful, highly endangered and rare wild Orchid of Europe, North Africa and west Asia. It is protected by law almost anywhere. In Germany it is already extinct from most of historically known stands and in Wrttenberg, Germany the population seems stable only on a single, last place (Ref.:3). Also in Slovenia the plant is in sharp decline (Ref.:2). Habitats, marches and wet grassland and meadows, of Orchis palustris ssp. palustris are cold-bloodedly disappearing in spite of all protection policies and are falling prey of boundless exponential growth of GDP, the topmost goal of our civilization. I have had luck and see it twice in my life. My grand grand sons and daughters will probably not have this opportunity.Protected according to 'Uredba o zavarovanih prostoiveih rastlinskih vrstah' Ur.l. RS, t.46/2004 (Regulation on protected wild plants, Official gazette of Republic of Slovenia, No. 46/2004). Enlisted in the Slovene Red List of rare and endangered species, marked by "V" representing a vulnerable species.Ref.:(1) H. Baumann, S. Kuenkele, R. Lorenz, Orchideen Europas, Ulmer (2006), p 235. (2) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije, Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007) (in Slovene), p 779. (3) O. Sebald, S. Seybold, G. Philippi, A. Werz, Die Farn- und Bltenpflanzen Baden-Wrttembergs, Ulmer, Band 8. (1998), p 395.(4) K. Lauber and G. Wagner, Flora Helvetica, 5. Auflage, Haupt (2012), p 1330.
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Orchis palustris ssp. palustris Jacq., Orchis laxiflora ssp. palustris (Jacq.) Bonnier et Layens, Anacamptis palustris (Jacq.) R.M.Bateman,Marsh orchid, Lax-flowered Marsh Orchid , DE: Sumpf-KnabenkrautSlo.: movirska kukavicaDat.: June 10, 2008Lat.: 45.84280 Long.: 14.26416 Code: Bot_270/2008_DSC9062Habitat: moist grassland, flat terrain, open place, full sun, average precipitations 1.600 - 1.800 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 460 m (1.530 feet), Dinaric phytogeographical region. Substratum: wet soil.Comments: Orchis palustris ssp. palustris is a beautiful, highly endangered and rare wild Orchid of Europe, North Africa and west Asia. It is protected by law almost anywhere. In Germany it is already extinct from most of historically known stands and in Wrttenberg, Germany the population seems stable only on a single, last place (Ref.:3). Also in Slovenia the plant is in sharp decline (Ref.:2). Habitats, marches and wet grassland and meadows, of Orchis palustris ssp. palustris are cold-bloodedly disappearing in spite of all protection policies and are falling prey of boundless exponential growth of GDP, the topmost goal of our civilization. I have had luck and see it twice in my life. My grand grand sons and daughters will probably not have this opportunity.Protected according to 'Uredba o zavarovanih prostoiveih rastlinskih vrstah' Ur.l. RS, t.46/2004 (Regulation on protected wild plants, Official gazette of Republic of Slovenia, No. 46/2004). Enlisted in the Slovene Red List of rare and endangered species, marked by "V" representing a vulnerable species.Ref.:(1) H. Baumann, S. Kuenkele, R. Lorenz, Orchideen Europas, Ulmer (2006), p 235. (2) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije, Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007) (in Slovene), p 779. (3) O. Sebald, S. Seybold, G. Philippi, A. Werz, Die Farn- und Bltenpflanzen Baden-Wrttembergs, Ulmer, Band 8. (1998), p 395.(4) K. Lauber and G. Wagner, Flora Helvetica, 5. Auflage, Haupt (2012), p 1330.
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Orchis pallens L., syn.: Orchis sulphurea Sims., Orchis pseudopallens K.Koch Pale Orchids DE.: Bleiches-Knabenkraut, Blasse KnabenkrautSlo.: bleda kukavicaDat.: April 16. 2014Lat.: 45.70151 Long.: 14.20867Code: Bot_791/2014_DSC0368Habitat: a small patch of light, mostly broadleaved woodland and bushes, within cultural grassland, flat terrain, calcareous ground; in shade (when tree foliage present), dry place; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations 1.700-1.900 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 535 m (1.750 feet), Dinaric phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil.Place: East of Sela village near Pivka town, Notranjska, Slovenia EC Comment: Orchis pallens is a remarkable and quite uncommon wild growing orchid in Slovenia. Every encounter with it is an adventure for me. It is simple to recognize it by pale yellow, relatively large flowers and uniformly light green, shiny and fleshy leaves. The only candidate for misidentification is also yellow Orchis provincialis with similarly shaped flowers and habitus, which is nevertheless so rare in Slovenia that solely this makes misidentification almost impossible. In addition, Orchis provincialis has darkly dotted leaves, which makes distinguishing between both species simple. The stands near village Sela are the most beautiful I've ever seen. Tens of these beautiful flowers grow densely packed on a relatively small place. Protected according to 'Uredba o zavarovanih prostoiveih rastlinskih vrstah' Ur.l. RS, t.46/2004 (Regulation of protection of wild plants, Official Gazette, Republic of Slovenia, No.46/2004). Enlisted in the Slovene Red List of rare and endangered species, marked by "V" representing a vulnerable species.Ref.:(1) H. Baumann, S. Kuenkele, R. Lorenz, Orchideen Europas, Ulmer (2006), p 234. (2) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije, Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007) (in Slovene), p 781. (3) D. Aeschimann, K. Lauber, D.M. Moser, J.P. Theurillat, Flora Alpina, Vol. 2., Haupt (2004), p 1132.(4) H. Haeupler, T. Muer, Bildatlas der Farn- und Bluetenpflazen Deutschlands, Ulmer (2000), p 709.(5) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora sterreich Liechtenstein, Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 1047.
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Italienisches Knabenkraut im Valle dell' Anapo (Sizilien)
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Orchis pauciflora Ten., syn.: Orchis provincialis subsp. pauciflora (Ten.) Lindl., Orchis provincialis var. pauciflora (Ten.) Batt.Sparse-flowered Orchid, DE: Wenigbltiges KnabenkrautSlo.: malocvetna kukavicaDat.: April 22. 2017Lat.: 45.05306 Long.: 14.48075Code: Bot_1048/2017_DSC7412Habitat: bushes with some low broad-leaved trees, small open patches of stony, nutrients pure grassland; flat terrain, calcareous, skeletal ground; predominantly in shade, dry place; elevation 85 m (280 feet), average precipitations ~1.000 mm/year, average temperature 13 - 14 deg C, submediterranean phytogeographical region.Substratum: soil. Place: North of village Pinezii, near a communication tower, inland of island Krk, Adriatic Sea, Kvarner bay, Croatia EC. Comment: Initially it seemed to me this find represents Orchis provincialis. However, after Mr. Branko Dolinar drew my attention to lack of dark spots on plant's leaves it was determined as Orchis pauciflora. The relation between both is somewhat unclear. Some orchid authorities consider Orchis pauciflora as a separate species; others treat such plants on subspecies taxonomical level as Orchis provincialis ssp pauciflora. Apart of the spots on the leaves, color of the lip and number of flowers in inflorescence are the traits separating both plants. Orchis pauciflora should have a darker, more saturated yellow middle part of the lip and fewer flowers in the inflorescence compared to Orchid provincialis.Orchis pauciflora is a Mediterranean plant. It is not rare on both sides of Adriatic Sea shore. However it hasn't been yet found in Slovenia in spite we do have a short sea shore. In Croatia it is present in Istria peninsula, along all Adriatic Sea shore as well as on most of major islands. According to Flora Croatica Database (Ref.:3) it has been reported from four MTB squares on island Krk. This find adds the fifth one. Protected in Croatia according to: Flora Croatica, Crvena Kniga (Red list), marked as VU denoting a vulnerable species.Ref.:(1) Id'ed by Mr. Branko Dolinar.(2)
www.orchidsofbritainandeuropetest.uk/Orchis%20pauciflora....(3) Nikoli T. ed. (2015): Flora Croatica Database (
hirc.botanic.hr/fcd). Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb (accessed date: 2017/05/28).(4) I. Schnfelder, P. Schnfelder, Kosmos Atlas Mittelmeer- und Kanarenflora, Kosmos, (2002), p 286.(5) M. Blamey, C. Grey-Wilson, Wild Flowers of the Mediterranean, A & C Black, London (2005), p 513.
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La Orotava, Canary Islands, Spain
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Vavla, Larnaca District, Cyprus
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Saint-Vallier-de-Thiey, Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur, France
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Fredvang, Nordland, Norway
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Biel: Zaragoza EspaaORCHIDACEAEDistribucin:Se encuentra en el N de Argelia y W de Asia (Cacaso y Turqua), as como en casi toda Europa, desde la Pennsula Ibrica y S de Inglaterra hasta Dinamarca, Ucrania y los Balcanes. En la Pennsula Ibrica, las poblaciones ms importantes parecen encontrarse en el tercio N.Hbitat:Esta planta la encontramos normalmente a pleno sol, aunque en mbitos con climatologa ms severa, ms continentalizada, puede crecer protegida de la insolacin directa.Crece en prados y claros de matorral y bosque.Preferencia edfica:BasfilaRango altitudinal:520- 1700 mFloracinAbril - MayoExtractado del Atlas de la Flora de Aragn (Herbario de Jaca)
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Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
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Orchis purpurea ssp. purpurea Huds., syn.: Orchis purpureus, Orchis fusca, Orchis maxima Lady Orchid, DE.: Purpur-Knabenkraut, Purpur-Orchis, Braunrotes-KnabenkrautSlo.: krlatnordea kukavicaDat.: May 08. 2013Lat.: 46.86376 Long.: 13.89598Code: Bot_711/2013_DSC6195Habitat: wood edge, in road scarp among bushes, southeast oriented slope, calcareous ground, dry, warm and fairly sunny place, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations 1.600-1.800 mm/year, average temperature 11-13 deg C, elevation 120 m (400 feet), submediterranean phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil.Place: Vipava valley, south of town Ajdovina near village Ustje, Vipavsko, Slovenia EC Comment: Orchis purpurea ssp. purpurea is our tallest and probably most magnificent orchid. Sometimes it can be almost 1 m (3 feet) tall. One of its synonyms Orchis maxima clearly confirms this. Having relatively large individual flowers as well as colossal inflorescence it is really showy. In Slovenia one can find it sparsely scattered usually outside the Alpine region, most frequently in the submediterranean phytogeographical region where the warm influence of the Adriatic Sea is present. It usually grows solitary or in groups of just a few plants. Otherwise, it can be found scattered almost in the whole Europe including some parts of south Alps. Unfortunately, Orchis purpurea ssp. purpurea is in sharp decline in Slovenia, becoming almost a rare plant. It is rare and protected also in Austria, north of us, where it is considered much endangered species. A memorable encounter in any way!Protected according to 'Uredba o zavarovanih prostoiveih rastlinskih vrstah'Url. RS, t. 46/2004 (Regulation of protection of wild growing plants, Official Gazette of Republic Slovenia, No.: 46/2004). Enlisted in the Slovene Red List of rare and endangered species, marked by "V" representing a vulnerable species.Ref.:(1) Personal communication with Mr. Brane Dolinar,
www.orhideje.si/(2) H. Baumann, S. Kuenkele, R. Lorenz, Orchideen Europas, Ulmer (2006), p 244. (3) D. Aeschimann, K. Lauber, D.M. Moser, J.P. Theurillat, Flora Alpina, Vol. 2. Haupt (2004), p 1130.(4) K. Lauber and G. Wagner, Flora Helvetica, 5. Auflage, Haupt (2012), p 1328.(5) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije, Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007) (in Slovene), p 781.(6) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora sterreich Liechtenstein, Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 1048.
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Vierpunktknabenkraut bei Malia (Crete, Greece)
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Vavla, Larnaca District, Cyprus
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Orchis pauciflora Ten., syn.: Orchis provincialis subsp. pauciflora (Ten.) Lindl., Orchis provincialis var. pauciflora (Ten.) Batt.Sparse-flowered Orchid, DE: Wenigbltiges KnabenkrautSlo.: malocvetna kukavicaDat.: April 22. 2017Lat.: 45.05306 Long.: 14.48075Code: Bot_1048/2017_DSC7412Habitat: bushes with some low broad-leaved trees, small open patches of stony, nutrients pure grassland; flat terrain, calcareous, skeletal ground; predominantly in shade, dry place; elevation 85 m (280 feet), average precipitations ~1.000 mm/year, average temperature 13 - 14 deg C, submediterranean phytogeographical region.Substratum: soil. Place: North of village Pinezii, near a communication tower, inland of island Krk, Adriatic Sea, Kvarner bay, Croatia EC. Comment: Initially it seemed to me this find represents Orchis provincialis. However, after Mr. Branko Dolinar drew my attention to lack of dark spots on plant's leaves it was determined as Orchis pauciflora. The relation between both is somewhat unclear. Some orchid authorities consider Orchis pauciflora as a separate species; others treat such plants on subspecies taxonomical level as Orchis provincialis ssp pauciflora. Apart of the spots on the leaves, color of the lip and number of flowers in inflorescence are the traits separating both plants. Orchis pauciflora should have a darker, more saturated yellow middle part of the lip and fewer flowers in the inflorescence compared to Orchid provincialis.Orchis pauciflora is a Mediterranean plant. It is not rare on both sides of Adriatic Sea shore. However it hasn't been yet found in Slovenia in spite we do have a short sea shore. In Croatia it is present in Istria peninsula, along all Adriatic Sea shore as well as on most of major islands. According to Flora Croatica Database (Ref.:3) it has been reported from four MTB squares on island Krk. This find adds the fifth one. Protected in Croatia according to: Flora Croatica, Crvena Kniga (Red list), marked as VU denoting a vulnerable species.Ref.:(1) Id'ed by Mr. Branko Dolinar.(2)
www.orchidsofbritainandeuropetest.uk/Orchis%20pauciflora....(3) Nikoli T. ed. (2015): Flora Croatica Database (
hirc.botanic.hr/fcd). Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb (accessed date: 2017/05/28).(4) I. Schnfelder, P. Schnfelder, Kosmos Atlas Mittelmeer- und Kanarenflora, Kosmos, (2002), p 286.(5) M. Blamey, C. Grey-Wilson, Wild Flowers of the Mediterranean, A & C Black, London (2005), p 513.
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Ohnsporn, Puppenorchis bei Gerakari (Crete, Greece)
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Orchis tridentataToothed OrchidSlo.: trizoba kukavicaDat.: May 15. 2012Lat.: 46.32180 Long.: 13.50502Code: Bot_617/2012_DSC3297 Habitat: Wet, occasionally flooded grassland near wood edge, flat terrain, full sun, calcareous bedrock, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 345 m (1.100 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil.Place: Bovec basin, northeast of vikar inn, between Bovec and village aga, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comment: Protected according to 'Uredba o zavarovanih prosto iveih rastlinskih vrstah'Ur.l. RS, t. 46/2004. Enlisted in the Slovene Red List of rare and endangered species, marked by "V" representing a vulnerable species.Ref.: (1) A.Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije, Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007), p 718.