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Black Birch

Betula nigra L.

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Comments

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Betula nigra is a large and characteristic floodplain tree. Like several other species of this habitat (e.g., Acer saccharinum Marshall and Ulmus americana Linnaeus), it releases its fruits in early summer; the seeds germinate immediately (at a time when the surrounding land is unlikely to be flooded). The wood of Betula nigra is not in high demand for timber because of its generally poor quality. Cultivars with freely exfoliating bark are commonly cultivated in the Northeast and Midwest.

Native Americans used Betula nigra medicinally to treat dysentery, colds, and milky urine (D. E. Moerman 1986).

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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of North America Vol. 3 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Flora of North America @ eFloras.org
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Description

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Trees , to 25 m; trunks often several, crowns round. Bark of mature trunks and branches grayish brown, yellowish, reddish, or creamy white, smooth, irregularly shredding and exfoliating in shaggy sheets when mature; lenticels dark, horizontally expanded. Twigs without wintergreen taste or odor, glabrous to sparsely pubescent, often with scattered, tiny, resinous glands. Leaf blade rhombic-ovate, with 5--12 pairs of lateral veins, 4--8 × 3--6 cm, base broadly cuneate to truncate, margins coarsely doubly serrate to dentate, apex acuminate; surfaces abaxially moderately pubescent to velutinous, especially along major veins and in vein axils, often with scattered, minute, resinous glands. Infructescences erect, conic or nearly globose, 1.5--3 × 1--2.5 cm, shattering with fruits in late spring or early summer; scales often persistent into early winter, lobes 3, ascending, branching distal to middle, narrow, elongate, equal to somewhat unequal in length, apex acute. Samaras with wings narrower than body, usually broadest near summit, not extended beyond body apically. 2 n = 28.
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cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
copyright
Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of North America Vol. 3 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
source
Flora of North America @ eFloras.org
editor
Flora of North America Editorial Committee
project
eFloras.org
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eFloras

Distribution

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Ala., Ark., Conn., Del., D.C., Fla., Ga., Ill., Ind., Iowa, Kans., Ky., La., Md., Mass., Minn., Miss., Mo., N.J., N.Y., N.C., Ohio, Okla., Pa., S.C., Tenn., Tex., Vt., Va., W.Va., Wis.
license
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
copyright
Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of North America Vol. 3 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
source
Flora of North America @ eFloras.org
editor
Flora of North America Editorial Committee
project
eFloras.org
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eFloras

Flowering/Fruiting

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Flowering late spring.
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of North America Vol. 3 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
source
Flora of North America @ eFloras.org
editor
Flora of North America Editorial Committee
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eFloras.org
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Habitat

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Riverbanks and flood plains, often where land is periodically inundated; 0--300m.
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cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of North America Vol. 3 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
source
Flora of North America @ eFloras.org
editor
Flora of North America Editorial Committee
project
eFloras.org
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Synonym

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Betula rubra F. Michaux
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of North America Vol. 3 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
source
Flora of North America @ eFloras.org
editor
Flora of North America Editorial Committee
project
eFloras.org
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Betula nigra ( Asturian )

provided by wikipedia AST

Betula nigra, ye una especie d'abeduriu perteneciente a la familia de les betulacees.[1]

"
Detalle del árbol

Descripción

Trátase d'un árbol caducifoliu qu'algama los 25 metros, raramente hasta 30 m d'altor con un tueru d'hasta 50 cm , raramente de 150 cm de diámetru, de cutiu tien dellos tueros . La corteza ye variable, xeneralmente de color gris escuru a marrón o rosado-marrón y escamosa, pero en dellos individuos ye nidiu y cremosa de color blancu-rosáu, exfoliando en llámines rizaes. Les ramines son glabres o finamente peludas, inodoras cuando son rallaes. Les fueyes son alternes, ovaes, de 4-8 cm de llargu y 3-6 cm d'anchu, con un marxe serráu y con cinco a dolce pares de venes. Les flores son polinizaes pol vientu y tienen un amento de 3-6 cm de llargu, les masculines son pendulares, les femenines erectas. El frutu ye inusual ente los abedurios al maurecer a finales de primavera, y componse de numberoses y diminutes granes alaes azacanaes ente les bráctees.[2][3]

Distribución xeográfica

Ye una especie d'abeduriu nativa de la rexón oriental d'Estaos Xuníos dende Nuevu Hampshire, al sur oeste de Minnesota, y al sur hasta'l norte de Florida y l'este de Texas. Alcuéntrase comúnmente nes llanures d'hinchente o banzaos.[2]

Cultivu y usos

Magar el so hábitat natural ye'l terrén húmedu, tamién crecen en tierres más altes, y la so corteza ye bien distintiva, lo que lo fai un árbol ornamental pal usu del paisaxe. Un númberu de cultivares con corteza muncho más blanca que la normal fueron escoyíes pa llantar en xardinos, incluyíes les de "Heritage" y "Dura Heat", que se destacar ser l'únicu abeduriu blancu resistente al barrenador del abeduriu Agrilus anxius natural de les caliente zones del sureste d'Estaos Xuníos d'América.[4]

Los nativos americanos utilicen la cazumbre fervida como un edulcorante similar al xarabe de pládanu, y l'interior de la corteza como un alimentu de supervivencia. Polo xeneral, la so madera ye demasiáu retorcigañada y contorsionada pa ser de valor comercial.[4]

Taxonomía

Betula nigra describióse por Carlos Linneo y espublizóse en Species Plantarum 2: 982. 1753.[5]

Etimoloxía

Betula: nome xenéricu que dieron los griegos al abeduriu.

nigra: epítetu llatín que significa "negra".[6]

Sinonimia

Ver tamién

Referencies

  1. ↑ USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL: http://www.ars-grin.gov.4/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?7118 (01 September 2015)
  2. ↑ 2,0 2,1 Flora of North America: Betula nigra
  3. ↑ USDA Silvics Manual: Betula nigra
  4. ↑ 4,0 4,1 Harlow, W. M., & Harrar, Y. S. (1969). Textbook Of Dendrology 5th ed., LOC# 68-17188
  5. ↑ «Betula nigra». Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. Consultáu'l 20 d'avientu de 2012.
  6. ↑ N'Epítetos Botánicos
  7. ↑ Sinónimos en Catalogue of life
  8. ↑ Betula nigra en PlantList consultáu'l 20 d'avientu de 2012
  9. ↑ «Betula nigra». World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Consultáu'l 20 d'avientu de 2012.

Enllaces esternos

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Betula nigra: Brief Summary ( Asturian )

provided by wikipedia AST
Betula nigra

Betula nigra, ye una especie d'abeduriu perteneciente a la familia de les betulacees.

" Detalle del árbol
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cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Wikipedia authors and editors
original
visit source
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wikipedia AST
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