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Estepa sur de Zaragoza: Aragn (Espaa)Famlia: SCROPHULARIACEAEDistribucin: En Europa se extiende por el S; gran parte de la Pennsula Ibrica, salvo en el N hmedo; en Aragn es rara en el Prepirineo y Somontanos, llegando hasta Biescas; salpica la Depresin del Ebro y predomina por todo el N del Sistema Ibrico, siendo raro hacia el S, en el Valle del Jiloca, Matarraa, Sierra de Albarracn y comarca de Teruel.Hbitat: Se cra terrenos removidos y nitrogenados, campos y yermos, cunetas, mrgenes de caminos y gravas fluviales, siempre a baja altitud y en exposicin bien soleada; a veces tambin en claros de bosque y matorral.Preferencia edfica: Indiferente. Gusta de suelos ricos en materia orgnica y crece frecuentemente sobre terrenos pedregosos, sobre todo gravas fluviales.Rango altitudinal: 150- 1020 ( 1360 ) mFloracin: Junio - AgostoForma Biolgica: Hemicriptfito bienalExtractado del Atlas de la Flora de Aragn (Herbario de Jaca)
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2010.10.09 Lower Austria, Hollabrunn/ Pulkau (380 m AMSL).Flower; note the hairy stamina (red hair).German name: Eigentliche sterreich-Knigskerze
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Verbascum nigrum L., syn.: Verbascum minutiflorum Stef. Family: Scrophulariaceae Juss.EN: Black Mullein, Dark Mullein, DE: Schwarze KnigskerzeSlo.: rni lunikDat.: July 4. 2021Lat.: 46.360448 Long.: 13.702869Code: Bot_1388/2021_DSC07705Habitat: Slightly inclined mountain slope, southeast aspect; ruderal grassland, colluvial, skeletal, calcareous ground; half shade; elevation 600 m (1.900 feet); average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil.Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta, right bank of river Soa, next to Trenta 2b cottage, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comment: Almost all species of Mulleins growing in Slovenia (13 all together) are all stout, beautiful plants. Verbascum nigrum is not the largest one of them, yet it can grow up to 1.2 m tall. Usually it has a single flowering stem with many, many bright yellow flowers, but smaller side flowering stems are also quite frequent. They branch always low on the main stem (contrary to the most of others species, like Verbascum lychnitis or Verbascum pulverulentum). During anthese (flowering period) the flowers do not open, as it is usual with most of long elongated inflorescences, 'systematically', from the bottom to the top of the inflorescence (or vice versa), but open sporadically, here and there, without respect to their position in the inflorescence, like a 'slow motion' firework.Verbascum nigrum is a common plant distributed almost all over the Europe. It can easily be separated form other species in this genus. It is the only yellow blooming one, which has violet densely hairy stamens and cordate (heart-shaped) base of ground leaves. Ref.:(1) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora fr sterreich, Liechtenstein und Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 722.(2) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007), p 549.
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Verbascum pulverulentum Vill., syn.: Verbascum acutifolium Halcsy, Verbascum floccosumHoary Mullein, Broad-leaf Mullein, DE: Flockige Knigskerze, Flocken-Knigskerze, CR: pranjava divizma, Slo.: kosmiasti lunikDat.: May 4. 2018Lat.: 45.08209 Long.: 14.444306Code: Bot_1132/2018_DSC2683Habitat: Grassy roadside, ruderal, flat terrain; full sun, dry place; calcareous ground; elevation 125 m (410 feet); average precipitations ~ 900-1000 mm/year, average temperature 13-15 deg C, sun-Mediterranean phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil.Place: West island Krk, next to the road from village Milohnii to Glavotok monastery, near village Brzac, Kvarner bay, Adriatic Sea, Croatia EC. Comment: Genus Verbascum is large and encompasses almost 100 species. Many of them are stout, remarkable green plants, some up to 2,5 m tall. Slovenian vernacular name for most of them 'papeeva svea' means 'pope's candle' and German name means 'King's candle') since some single-stem species nicely resemble stout candle with yellow flame on top. However, the color of their numerous flowers can be from white, yellow, reddish to dark, intensive violet, but admittedly most of them bloom bright yellow. It is not always easy to separate them to species level since they are variable and often form hybrids.Verbascum pulverulentum is a south and west European floral element, wide spread but rather rare. It is not limited to (sub)-Mediterranean region but can be found in several other European countries including Slovenia. Its most obvious morphological trait are its wooly hairs. When young, the plants are densely hairy. But the hairs fall off soon and form typical white flakes or clumps (see Figs.3 and 4). Stem and branches are round in cross-section and upper stem leaves are pointed (notice one of Latin synonym species names - 'acutifolium') (see Fig.7). Stamens have long whitish 'beard' of hairs and their bright red anthers are set perpendicularly to them (see Fig.5).Ref.:(1) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora fr sterreich, Liechtenstein und Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 723.(2) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007), p 549. (3) W.K. Rottensteiner, Exkursionsflora fr Istrien, Verlag des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins fr Krnten, (2014), p 873.(4) R. Domac, Flora Hrvatske (Flora of Croatia) (in Croatian), kolska Knjiga, Zagreb (1994), p 270.(5) N. Jogan (ed.), Gradivo za Atlas flore Slovenije (Materials for the Atlas of Flora of Slovenia), CKSF (2001), p 399(6) L. Poldini, Nuovo Atlante corologico delle piante vascolari nel Friuli Venezia Giulia, University of Trieste (2002), p 511.
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Verbascum blattaria L., syn.: Verbascum carduifolium Hayek, Verbascum rhinanthifolium DavidovFamily: Scrophulariaceae Juss.EN: Moth mullein, DE: Schaben-Knigskerze, SchabenkrautSlo.: grozdasti lunikDat.: June 13.2020Lat.: 45.08248 Long.: 14.44350 (WGS84)Code: Bot_1309/2020_DSC03928, Bot_1310/2020_DSC0428Habitat: Outskirts of a village, semiruderal grassy place, flat terrain; calcareous, stony ground; sunny and dry place; elevation 125 m (410 feet); average precipitations ~ 1.000 mm/year, average temperature 12-13 deg C, Sub-Mediterranean phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil.Place: West part of the island Krk, north outskirts of village Brzac, otovento region, Kvarner archipelago, Adriatic Sea, Rijeka district, Croatia EC.Comment (relates to the album Verbascum blattaria):The moth mullein (Verbascum blattaria) is a biennial plant. In the first year only rosettes develop. In the second year a tall (up to 1.5 m), slander flowering stalks develop. The plant is widely distributed. Native to Europe, Asia and North Africa it is now naturalized also in North America, where it was introduced 200 years ago. The seeds are extremely long lived. In an experiment it was proved that they still germinate at 50% rate after 120 years of dormancy (Ref.: 4). Ref.(1) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora fr sterreich, Liechtenstein und Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 722.(2) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007), p 549. (3) D. Aeschimann, K. Lauber, D.M. Moser, J.P. Theurillat, Flora Alpina, Vol. 2., Haupt (2004), p 188.(4) Telewski, F.W. and Zeevaart, A.D. 2002. The 120-Year Period for Dr. Beal's Seed Viability Experiment. American Journal of Botany 89(8): 1285-1288.
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Verbascum chaixii ssp. austriacum (Roem. & Schult.) Hayek, syn.: Verbascum austriacum Roem. & SchultAustrian Mullein, DE: esterreicher KnigskerzeSlo.: avstrijski lunikDat.: July 24. 2016Lat.: 46.35971 Long.: 13.70049Code: Bot_990/2016_DSC3943Habitat: abandoned alpine pasture partly overgrown with bushes; moderately inclined foot of a mountain, southeast aspect; calcareous, skeletal, colluvial ground, sparsely overgrown with grasses; sunny, dry and warm place; elevation 615 m (2.020 feet); average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil.Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta, right bank of river Soa, Na Melu place, former pasture between Trenta 2b cottage and abandoned farmhouse Strgulc, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comment: Taxonomic status of Verbascum chaixii spp. austriacum is not yet agreed upon. Most sources consider it as a subspecies of Verbascum chaixii s.lat. (a parallel to Verbascum chaixii spp. chaixii), some treat it on species level. This East European plant can be over one meter tall.Species Verbascum chaixii spp. austriacum has a few traits, which make its identification among (other twelve Verbascum species growing in Slovenia) not difficult. Ground leaves are stalked and cuneate (wedge-shaped, tapering to a point at the base) with crenate (not sharply toothed) edge, stalk leaves are lanceolate, all stamens in a flower are of equal length and shape and are conspicuous hairy. Hairs are violet and bearing noticeably thicker ends like a kind of glands (see picture no.9). Sometimes and superficially the plant looks very similar to much more common Dark mullein (Verbascum nigrum). However the latter has no 'glands' on stamens' hairs and its ground leaves are cordate (heart-shaped, with the notch) or at least rounded at the base. Also flowers stalks are longer (5-12 mm), while flowers of Verbascum chaixii spp. austriacum have only 3-5 mm long stalks.Herbarium: Herbarij Biolokega Intituta Jovan Hadi, SRC ZASU, Index Herbariorum LJS.Ref.:(1) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora fr sterreich, Liechtenstein und Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 722.(2) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007), p 549. (3) D. Aeschimann, K. Lauber, D.M. Moser, J.P. Theurillat, Flora Alpina, Vol. 2., Haupt (2004), p 194.
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Lonavala, Maharashtra, India
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Serra de Collserola. Barcelona: Catalunya (Espaa)Famlia : SCROPHULARIACEAEDistribucin general : Mediterrnea-occidentalpoca de floracin : Abril. Mayo. Junio. Julio.Formas vitales : Hemicriptfito.Hbitat : Mrgenes de caminos, zonas pedregosas, etc.Categoria IUCN : Poco preocupanteCaractersticas : Hierba bienal, robusta y grande, cubierta de pelo lanuginoso. Presenta una aparente roseta de hojas basales pecioladas de contorno ovado y margen dentado, de la cual sobresale del centro un tallo, tambin robusto, cubierto de hojas y acabado en una espiga alargada de flores grandes de color amarillo. Las hojas inferiores son pecioladas, gruesas y dentadas, no pinnatisectas como en V. creticum. Dentro de la inflorescencia las flores son solitarias en la axila de las brcteas (a V. sinuatum y V. thapsus las flores estn reunidas en grupos). El cliz es linear y entero (no ovado y dentado como en V. creticum).Observaciones : Dentro de este gnero son muy frecuentes los hbridos interespecficos. Extractado del Herbario virtual del Mediterrneo Occidental
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Verbascum lychnitis L.White Mullein, DE: Lichtnelken-Knigskerze, Mehlige KnigskerzeSlo.: napraeni lunikDat.: July 18. 2016Lat.: 46.27237 Long.: 13.46283Code: Bot_989/2016_DSC3840Habitat: steep mountain slope, south aspect, unmaintained montane grassland with tall herbs, road side, calcareous, skeletal ground, full sun, dry and warm place, elevation 1.225 m (4.020 feet); average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 4-6 deg C, alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: stony soil.Place: Breginski kot, Mt. Kobariki Stol ridge, next to south dirt road from village Sedlo to Planina Boca, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comment: Plants belonging to genus mullein (Verbascum) are eye-catching and stout. Many common names prove this. Some are imagination full and talk about light; like Knigskerze (king's candle) (DE), Lichtnelke (light-dandelion) (DE) or papeeva svea (pope's candle) (SI). Some plants can grow more than 2 m high. There are 16 species growing in the Alps, out of these 13 are present in Slovenia (on 20.000 m2 or about 8% of territory of the Alps). All of them have numerous, bright yellow, but quite similar flowers except one: purple mullein (Verbascum phoeniceum), which is purple-violet. Distinguishing among them is not always simple since often hybrids and local races occur and sometimes they bloom also white. For species determination one has to take into account plant's habitus as well as small details like colour and type of the hairs on their stamens, shape of pistils, etc.Verbascum lychnitis is a species, which is very richly branched (most of others have a single stem like a candle) and has zillion shining bright yellow flowers on many branches and white hairs on flowers' stamens.Ref.:(1) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora fr sterreich, Liechtenstein und Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 723.(2) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007), p 549. (3) D. Aeschimann, K. Lauber, D.M. Moser, J.P. Theurillat, Flora Alpina, Vol.2., Haupt (2004), p 194.(4) K. Lauber and G. Wagner, Flora Helvetica, 5. Auflage, Haupt (2012), p 904.(5) H. Haeupler, T. Muer, Bildatlas der Farn- und Bluetenpflazen Deutschlands, Ulmer (2000), p 427.
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Gundaroo, New South Wales, Australia
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Van Dusen Botanial Garden, 2002; Yashica 320AF; Fujichrome Velvia 50; f/4.5; 70mm +3 macro filter; tripod. RP2002-017-009.jpg
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Verbascum chaixii s.lat. Vill.Chaix's Mulleins, DE: Chaix' Koenigskertze (ref.: 2), sterreich-Koenigskertze (ref.: 3), CR: avstrijska divizmaSlo.: Chaixov lunik / avstrijski lunikDat.: June 28. 2015Lat.: 45.09907 Long.: 14.46990Code: Bot_894/2015_IMG8704Picture file names: from Verbascum-chaixii_raw_1 to Verbascum-chaixii_raw_7.Habitat: Dirt road side, semi-ruderal place, small open place among bushes and low trees, calcareous ground, almost flat terrain, half sunny and dry place; near sea shore; exposed to direct rain, average precipitations 1.000 - 1.200 mm/year, average temperature 13-15 deg C, elevation 8 m (25 feet), Mediterranean phytogeographical region. Substratum: sandy soil.Place: West island Krk, near boat anchorage of the village Poljice, Adriatic Sea, Kvarner bay, Croatia EC. Comment: Genus Verbascum is quite difficult for proper determination. It is large, complex and hybrid plants are common. In addition, authors have different approaches to its taxonomy. This situation manifests also in the determination difficulties of the plants photographed. Nevertheless, I am almost certain that they belong to the group Verbascum chaixii s.lat. because of stalked, oval-oblong toothed basal leaves, proper length of flower stalks and equally long stamens with violet hairy filaments. Also habitat supports this assumption. This plant group is widely distributed and grows in the Alps (excluding northern regions) and other European mountains and lowlands including Balkan Peninsula (Ref.: 2). In the literature two subspecies are described: Verbascum chaixii ssp. chaixii and Verbascum chaixii ssp. austriacum. Some authors treat the latter on species level as Verbascum austriacum (Refs.: 1 and 4). With some exceptions the traits of the plants found correspond well to Verbascum chaixii ssp. chaixii. Particularly slightly lobed basal part of (some) ground leaves is an important distinguishing trait between both subspecies (Ref.: 3 and 1). Alternative Verbascum chaixii ssp. austriacum should have uniformly shaped leaves without any lobes. Contrary to this, the shape of basal leaf teeth (rounded) corresponds better to Verbascum chaixii ssp. austriacum. But, cross-section through the branches of inflorescence is not round, as it should be for Verbascum chaixii ssp. austriacum (Ref.: 4) but it is distinctly angulate. Confuses also the fact that Ref.: 5. (refers to whole Mediterranean region, which includes island Krk) lists only Verbascum chaixii ssp. chaixii (syn.: Verbascum chaixii s.str.), while Ref.: 4. (refers to territory of Croatia, which also includes island Krk) lists only Verbascum austriacum (syn.: Verbascum chaixii ssp. austriacum). Flora Croatica Database (Ref.: 6) shows no observations of either of both subspecies. Anyway, it seems that these plants are somewhere in-between both alternative subspecies. Such plants are mentioned also in Ref.: 3 and grow in South Tyrol region in Austria. Five or six plants were growing at the place where I found them.Ref.:(1) A.Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije, Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007) (in Slovenian), p 549. (2) D. Aeschimann, K. Lauber, D.M. Moser, J.P. Theurillat, Flora Alpina, Vol. 2., Haupt (2004), p 194.(3) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora sterreich Liechtenstein, Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 722.(4) R. Domac, Flora Hrvatske, Prirunik za odreivanje bilja (Flora of Croatia, Manual for plant determination), Manualia Universitatis Studiorum Zagrabiensis, kolska knjiga (2002), p 271.(5) M. Blamey, C. Grey-Wilson, Wild Flowers of the Mediterranean, A & C Black, London (2004), p409.(6) Flora Croatica Database, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, FER-ZRP, University of Zagreb
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image of Verbascum thapsus COMMON MULLEIN at the James Woodworth Prairie Preserve - showing a side view of a single flower at full bloom, detailing petals, stigma, and anthers.This is an invasive, non-native species at the Peacock/Woodworth Prairie.
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2009.09.13: Austria, Vienna, 155 m AMSL, dry heath (Lobau Heisslnde): flower.Flowering from july till september (october).Common in Pannonian climate.German names: Gewhnlich-Knigskerze (Windblumen-Knigskerze)ID: Fischer, Exkursionsflora 3rd
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Summary[
edit] Description: English: Verbascum lychnitis Polski: Dziewanna firletkowa. Date: 16 July 2011. Source: Own work. Author:
Kenraiz Krzysztof Ziarnek.
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Summary[
edit] Description: English: Taxon: Verbascum phoeniceum Location: Alte Schanzen (object XI), Vienna-Floridsdorf Habitat: dry grassland Identified according to: Fischer et. al. ExFlora Austria etc. 2008 Deutsch: Taxon: Purpur-Königskerze, Verbascum phoeniceum Ort: Alte Schanzen (Werk XI), Wien-Floridsdorf Habitat: Trockenrasen Bestimmt nach: Fischer et. al. ExFlora Österreich etc. 2008. Date: 9 May 2013. Source: Own work. Author:
Stefan.lefnaer.