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Syn.: Lentaria mucida (Pers.) Corner, Clavaria mucida Pers - Habitat: Alpine valley, semiruderal grassland in front of a farm house; shallow, calcareous ground; flat terrain; partly sunny; cold place in shade of mountain during winter months; exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7 - 9 deg C, elevation 560 m (1.850 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: stump of a cut down, old Juglans regia in its final disintegration stage. Comments: This is my second observation where I measured spores and the second time where they are definitely wider than they should be for M. mucida (see graph 'Measured spore dimensions and data from literature'). Measured spores originated from tiny but clear spore pint produced by the sporocarps. All sources I found consistently state that spore width should not exceed 3.0 (3.2) m. According to the key in Ref.:(4), only three other Multiclavula species (among 13 treated) fit to the spore dimensions of this observation: M. fossicola, which is terrestrial and has larger basidia (see MycoBank), M. coronilla, which is also terrestrial and M. clara, which is not white but pale orange. In addition MycoBank disagrees with Ref.4. in stating M. fossicola maximal spore width no more than 2.7(3.0) microns. Therefore the measured spore width remains a secret to me and casts some doubt in the determination. Sporocarps also seem quite frequently branched, more than stated in most sources for typical Multiclavula mucida. Substrate is also interesting. Most my other observations of this species in the Upper Soa River region involve Picea abies as substrate. Spores smooth; dimensions: 6.4 [7.4 ; 7.7] 8.7 x 2.8 [3.2 ; 3.3] 3.7 microns; Q = 2 [2.3 ; 2.4] 2.6; N = 44; C = 95%; Me = 7.6 x 3.2 microns; Qe = 2.3. Basidia multiguttulate, sterigmata 4, oblong with narrow, stalk like, base; dimensions: 15.9 [19 ; 21.2] 24.3 x 4.3 [5 ; 5.5] 6.3 microns; Q = 2.6 [3.5 ; 4.2] 5.1; N = 15; C = 95%; Me = 20.1 x 5.3 microns; Qe = 3.9 (25-30 x 7-8 m according to Ref.: 3). Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water, cotton blue. AmScope MA500 digital camera. Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF Ref.: (1) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2. Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 342. (2) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 2, Ulmer (2000), p 43. (3) R.H. Petersen, Multiclavula mucida, Bull. New Zealand Dept. Sci. Industr.Res. 236 (1988), p 85, access available at www.mycobank.com . (4) The key based on R.H. Petersen, Notes on Clavarioid Fungi. VII. Redefinition of the Clavaria vernalis - C. mucida, American Midland Naturalist (1967), 77.1, pp 205-221, modified by A. Rockefeller, J. Hollinger, D. Newman, available at Mushroom Observer. (5) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Teil.1. 2., Ulmer (1995), p 594. (6) D. Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 636. (7) W. Rothmaler, Exkursionsflora von Deutschland, Vol.1, Niedere Pflanzen, Elsevier, 3. Auflage (1994), p 542. (8) M.P. Nelsen, Noteworthy collection, Michigan, Multiclavula vernalis, Multiclavula mucida, The Michigan Botanist, Vol.46. (2009), p 124. (9) C.W. Smith, et all, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland, The British Lichen Society (2009), p 613.
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Slo.: siva grivača - Habitat: Mixed wood over calcareous rocks and boulders, Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica dominant; growing under Picea abies, at the foot of east oriented, moderately steep mountain slope, mostly in shade, humid place, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 690 m ( 2.250 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: forest soil containing lot of rotten Picea abies needles and wood debris, probably locally acid ground (Erica carnea present) - Comments: Growing in groups; over ten fruit bodies present. Overall dimensions up to 7 x 5 cm; generally gray fruit bodies have a slight pink-violet tint like oac634 but darker; bruising dirty brown when handled; taste mild, may be slightly bitter after a while; smell indistinctive, flesh quite brittle, SP abundant, yellow, oac856. - Spores smooth with one big oil drop. Dimensions:8.5 (SD= 0.5) x 7.2 (SD= 0.4) μ, Q = 1.18 (SD = 0.07), n = 30. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil; in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Večna pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) D. Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 641. (2) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 308. (3) W.Rothmaler, Exkursionsflora von Deutschland, Vol.1, Niedere Pflanzen, Elsevier, 3.Auflage, (1994), p 366. (4) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 456. 9-12/8-10 (5) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 344. (6) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Bade-Wrttembergs, Band 2, Ulmer (2000), p 53.
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Syn.: Lentaria mucida (Pers.) Corner, Clavaria mucida Pers - Habitat: Alpine valley, semiruderal grassland in front of a farm house; shallow, calcareous ground; flat terrain; partly sunny; cold place in shade of mountain during winter months; exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7 - 9 deg C, elevation 560 m (1.850 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: stump of a cut down, old Juglans regia in its final disintegration stage. Comments: This is my second observation where I measured spores and the second time where they are definitely wider than they should be for M. mucida (see graph 'Measured spore dimensions and data from literature'). Measured spores originated from tiny but clear spore pint produced by the sporocarps. All sources I found consistently state that spore width should not exceed 3.0 (3.2) m. According to the key in Ref.:(4), only three other Multiclavula species (among 13 treated) fit to the spore dimensions of this observation: M. fossicola, which is terrestrial and has larger basidia (see MycoBank), M. coronilla, which is also terrestrial and M. clara, which is not white but pale orange. In addition MycoBank disagrees with Ref.4. in stating M. fossicola maximal spore width no more than 2.7(3.0) microns. Therefore the measured spore width remains a secret to me and casts some doubt in the determination. Sporocarps also seem quite frequently branched, more than stated in most sources for typical Multiclavula mucida. Substrate is also interesting. Most my other observations of this species in the Upper Soa River region involve Picea abies as substrate. Spores smooth; dimensions: 6.4 [7.4 ; 7.7] 8.7 x 2.8 [3.2 ; 3.3] 3.7 microns; Q = 2 [2.3 ; 2.4] 2.6; N = 44; C = 95%; Me = 7.6 x 3.2 microns; Qe = 2.3. Basidia multiguttulate, sterigmata 4, oblong with narrow, stalk like, base; dimensions: 15.9 [19 ; 21.2] 24.3 x 4.3 [5 ; 5.5] 6.3 microns; Q = 2.6 [3.5 ; 4.2] 5.1; N = 15; C = 95%; Me = 20.1 x 5.3 microns; Qe = 3.9 (25-30 x 7-8 m according to Ref.: 3). Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water, cotton blue. AmScope MA500 digital camera. Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF Ref.: (1) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2. Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 342. (2) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 2, Ulmer (2000), p 43. (3) R.H. Petersen, Multiclavula mucida, Bull. New Zealand Dept. Sci. Industr.Res. 236 (1988), p 85, access available at www.mycobank.com . (4) The key based on R.H. Petersen, Notes on Clavarioid Fungi. VII. Redefinition of the Clavaria vernalis - C. mucida, American Midland Naturalist (1967), 77.1, pp 205-221, modified by A. Rockefeller, J. Hollinger, D. Newman, available at Mushroom Observer. (5) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Teil.1. 2., Ulmer (1995), p 594. (6) D. Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 636. (7) W. Rothmaler, Exkursionsflora von Deutschland, Vol.1, Niedere Pflanzen, Elsevier, 3. Auflage (1994), p 542. (8) M.P. Nelsen, Noteworthy collection, Michigan, Multiclavula vernalis, Multiclavula mucida, The Michigan Botanist, Vol.46. (2009), p 124. (9) C.W. Smith, et all, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland, The British Lichen Society (2009), p 613.
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Syn.: Lentaria mucida (Pers.) Corner, Clavaria mucida Pers - Habitat: Alpine valley, semiruderal grassland in front of a farm house; shallow, calcareous ground; flat terrain; partly sunny; cold place in shade of mountain during winter months; exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7 - 9 deg C, elevation 560 m (1.850 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: stump of a cut down, old Juglans regia in its final disintegration stage. Comments: This is my second observation where I measured spores and the second time where they are definitely wider than they should be for M. mucida (see graph 'Measured spore dimensions and data from literature'). Measured spores originated from tiny but clear spore pint produced by the sporocarps. All sources I found consistently state that spore width should not exceed 3.0 (3.2) m. According to the key in Ref.:(4), only three other Multiclavula species (among 13 treated) fit to the spore dimensions of this observation: M. fossicola, which is terrestrial and has larger basidia (see MycoBank), M. coronilla, which is also terrestrial and M. clara, which is not white but pale orange. In addition MycoBank disagrees with Ref.4. in stating M. fossicola maximal spore width no more than 2.7(3.0) microns. Therefore the measured spore width remains a secret to me and casts some doubt in the determination. Sporocarps also seem quite frequently branched, more than stated in most sources for typical Multiclavula mucida. Substrate is also interesting. Most my other observations of this species in the Upper Soa River region involve Picea abies as substrate. Spores smooth; dimensions: 6.4 [7.4 ; 7.7] 8.7 x 2.8 [3.2 ; 3.3] 3.7 microns; Q = 2 [2.3 ; 2.4] 2.6; N = 44; C = 95%; Me = 7.6 x 3.2 microns; Qe = 2.3. Basidia multiguttulate, sterigmata 4, oblong with narrow, stalk like, base; dimensions: 15.9 [19 ; 21.2] 24.3 x 4.3 [5 ; 5.5] 6.3 microns; Q = 2.6 [3.5 ; 4.2] 5.1; N = 15; C = 95%; Me = 20.1 x 5.3 microns; Qe = 3.9 (25-30 x 7-8 m according to Ref.: 3). Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water, cotton blue. AmScope MA500 digital camera. Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF Ref.: (1) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2. Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 342. (2) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 2, Ulmer (2000), p 43. (3) R.H. Petersen, Multiclavula mucida, Bull. New Zealand Dept. Sci. Industr.Res. 236 (1988), p 85, access available at www.mycobank.com . (4) The key based on R.H. Petersen, Notes on Clavarioid Fungi. VII. Redefinition of the Clavaria vernalis - C. mucida, American Midland Naturalist (1967), 77.1, pp 205-221, modified by A. Rockefeller, J. Hollinger, D. Newman, available at Mushroom Observer. (5) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Teil.1. 2., Ulmer (1995), p 594. (6) D. Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 636. (7) W. Rothmaler, Exkursionsflora von Deutschland, Vol.1, Niedere Pflanzen, Elsevier, 3. Auflage (1994), p 542. (8) M.P. Nelsen, Noteworthy collection, Michigan, Multiclavula vernalis, Multiclavula mucida, The Michigan Botanist, Vol.46. (2009), p 124. (9) C.W. Smith, et all, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland, The British Lichen Society (2009), p 613.
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Syn.: Lentaria mucida (Pers.) Corner, Clavaria mucida Pers - Habitat: Alpine valley, semiruderal grassland in front of a farm house; shallow, calcareous ground; flat terrain; partly sunny; cold place in shade of mountain during winter months; exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7 - 9 deg C, elevation 560 m (1.850 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: stump of a cut down, old Juglans regia in its final disintegration stage. Comments: This is my second observation where I measured spores and the second time where they are definitely wider than they should be for M. mucida (see graph 'Measured spore dimensions and data from literature'). Measured spores originated from tiny but clear spore pint produced by the sporocarps. All sources I found consistently state that spore width should not exceed 3.0 (3.2) m. According to the key in Ref.:(4), only three other Multiclavula species (among 13 treated) fit to the spore dimensions of this observation: M. fossicola, which is terrestrial and has larger basidia (see MycoBank), M. coronilla, which is also terrestrial and M. clara, which is not white but pale orange. In addition MycoBank disagrees with Ref.4. in stating M. fossicola maximal spore width no more than 2.7(3.0) microns. Therefore the measured spore width remains a secret to me and casts some doubt in the determination. Sporocarps also seem quite frequently branched, more than stated in most sources for typical Multiclavula mucida. Substrate is also interesting. Most my other observations of this species in the Upper Soa River region involve Picea abies as substrate. Spores smooth; dimensions: 6.4 [7.4 ; 7.7] 8.7 x 2.8 [3.2 ; 3.3] 3.7 microns; Q = 2 [2.3 ; 2.4] 2.6; N = 44; C = 95%; Me = 7.6 x 3.2 microns; Qe = 2.3. Basidia multiguttulate, sterigmata 4, oblong with narrow, stalk like, base; dimensions: 15.9 [19 ; 21.2] 24.3 x 4.3 [5 ; 5.5] 6.3 microns; Q = 2.6 [3.5 ; 4.2] 5.1; N = 15; C = 95%; Me = 20.1 x 5.3 microns; Qe = 3.9 (25-30 x 7-8 m according to Ref.: 3). Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water, cotton blue. AmScope MA500 digital camera. Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF Ref.: (1) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2. Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 342. (2) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 2, Ulmer (2000), p 43. (3) R.H. Petersen, Multiclavula mucida, Bull. New Zealand Dept. Sci. Industr.Res. 236 (1988), p 85, access available at www.mycobank.com . (4) The key based on R.H. Petersen, Notes on Clavarioid Fungi. VII. Redefinition of the Clavaria vernalis - C. mucida, American Midland Naturalist (1967), 77.1, pp 205-221, modified by A. Rockefeller, J. Hollinger, D. Newman, available at Mushroom Observer. (5) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Teil.1. 2., Ulmer (1995), p 594. (6) D. Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 636. (7) W. Rothmaler, Exkursionsflora von Deutschland, Vol.1, Niedere Pflanzen, Elsevier, 3. Auflage (1994), p 542. (8) M.P. Nelsen, Noteworthy collection, Michigan, Multiclavula vernalis, Multiclavula mucida, The Michigan Botanist, Vol.46. (2009), p 124. (9) C.W. Smith, et all, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland, The British Lichen Society (2009), p 613.
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Syn.: Lentaria mucida (Pers.) Corner, Clavaria mucida Pers - Habitat: Alpine valley, semiruderal grassland in front of a farm house; shallow, calcareous ground; flat terrain; partly sunny; cold place in shade of mountain during winter months; exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7 - 9 deg C, elevation 560 m (1.850 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: stump of a cut down, old Juglans regia in its final disintegration stage. Comments: This is my second observation where I measured spores and the second time where they are definitely wider than they should be for M. mucida (see graph 'Measured spore dimensions and data from literature'). Measured spores originated from tiny but clear spore pint produced by the sporocarps. All sources I found consistently state that spore width should not exceed 3.0 (3.2) m. According to the key in Ref.:(4), only three other Multiclavula species (among 13 treated) fit to the spore dimensions of this observation: M. fossicola, which is terrestrial and has larger basidia (see MycoBank), M. coronilla, which is also terrestrial and M. clara, which is not white but pale orange. In addition MycoBank disagrees with Ref.4. in stating M. fossicola maximal spore width no more than 2.7(3.0) microns. Therefore the measured spore width remains a secret to me and casts some doubt in the determination. Sporocarps also seem quite frequently branched, more than stated in most sources for typical Multiclavula mucida. Substrate is also interesting. Most my other observations of this species in the Upper Soa River region involve Picea abies as substrate. Spores smooth; dimensions: 6.4 [7.4 ; 7.7] 8.7 x 2.8 [3.2 ; 3.3] 3.7 microns; Q = 2 [2.3 ; 2.4] 2.6; N = 44; C = 95%; Me = 7.6 x 3.2 microns; Qe = 2.3. Basidia multiguttulate, sterigmata 4, oblong with narrow, stalk like, base; dimensions: 15.9 [19 ; 21.2] 24.3 x 4.3 [5 ; 5.5] 6.3 microns; Q = 2.6 [3.5 ; 4.2] 5.1; N = 15; C = 95%; Me = 20.1 x 5.3 microns; Qe = 3.9 (25-30 x 7-8 m according to Ref.: 3). Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water, cotton blue. AmScope MA500 digital camera. Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF Ref.: (1) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2. Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 342. (2) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 2, Ulmer (2000), p 43. (3) R.H. Petersen, Multiclavula mucida, Bull. New Zealand Dept. Sci. Industr.Res. 236 (1988), p 85, access available at www.mycobank.com . (4) The key based on R.H. Petersen, Notes on Clavarioid Fungi. VII. Redefinition of the Clavaria vernalis - C. mucida, American Midland Naturalist (1967), 77.1, pp 205-221, modified by A. Rockefeller, J. Hollinger, D. Newman, available at Mushroom Observer. (5) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Teil.1. 2., Ulmer (1995), p 594. (6) D. Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 636. (7) W. Rothmaler, Exkursionsflora von Deutschland, Vol.1, Niedere Pflanzen, Elsevier, 3. Auflage (1994), p 542. (8) M.P. Nelsen, Noteworthy collection, Michigan, Multiclavula vernalis, Multiclavula mucida, The Michigan Botanist, Vol.46. (2009), p 124. (9) C.W. Smith, et all, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland, The British Lichen Society (2009), p 613.
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Syn.: Lentaria mucida (Pers.) Corner, Clavaria mucida Pers - Habitat: Alpine valley, semiruderal grassland in front of a farm house; shallow, calcareous ground; flat terrain; partly sunny; cold place in shade of mountain during winter months; exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7 - 9 deg C, elevation 560 m (1.850 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: stump of a cut down, old Juglans regia in its final disintegration stage. Comments: This is my second observation where I measured spores and the second time where they are definitely wider than they should be for M. mucida (see graph 'Measured spore dimensions and data from literature'). Measured spores originated from tiny but clear spore pint produced by the sporocarps. All sources I found consistently state that spore width should not exceed 3.0 (3.2) m. According to the key in Ref.:(4), only three other Multiclavula species (among 13 treated) fit to the spore dimensions of this observation: M. fossicola, which is terrestrial and has larger basidia (see MycoBank), M. coronilla, which is also terrestrial and M. clara, which is not white but pale orange. In addition MycoBank disagrees with Ref.4. in stating M. fossicola maximal spore width no more than 2.7(3.0) microns. Therefore the measured spore width remains a secret to me and casts some doubt in the determination. Sporocarps also seem quite frequently branched, more than stated in most sources for typical Multiclavula mucida. Substrate is also interesting. Most my other observations of this species in the Upper Soa River region involve Picea abies as substrate. Spores smooth; dimensions: 6.4 [7.4 ; 7.7] 8.7 x 2.8 [3.2 ; 3.3] 3.7 microns; Q = 2 [2.3 ; 2.4] 2.6; N = 44; C = 95%; Me = 7.6 x 3.2 microns; Qe = 2.3. Basidia multiguttulate, sterigmata 4, oblong with narrow, stalk like, base; dimensions: 15.9 [19 ; 21.2] 24.3 x 4.3 [5 ; 5.5] 6.3 microns; Q = 2.6 [3.5 ; 4.2] 5.1; N = 15; C = 95%; Me = 20.1 x 5.3 microns; Qe = 3.9 (25-30 x 7-8 m according to Ref.: 3). Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water, cotton blue. AmScope MA500 digital camera. Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF Ref.: (1) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2. Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 342. (2) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 2, Ulmer (2000), p 43. (3) R.H. Petersen, Multiclavula mucida, Bull. New Zealand Dept. Sci. Industr.Res. 236 (1988), p 85, access available at www.mycobank.com . (4) The key based on R.H. Petersen, Notes on Clavarioid Fungi. VII. Redefinition of the Clavaria vernalis - C. mucida, American Midland Naturalist (1967), 77.1, pp 205-221, modified by A. Rockefeller, J. Hollinger, D. Newman, available at Mushroom Observer. (5) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Teil.1. 2., Ulmer (1995), p 594. (6) D. Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 636. (7) W. Rothmaler, Exkursionsflora von Deutschland, Vol.1, Niedere Pflanzen, Elsevier, 3. Auflage (1994), p 542. (8) M.P. Nelsen, Noteworthy collection, Michigan, Multiclavula vernalis, Multiclavula mucida, The Michigan Botanist, Vol.46. (2009), p 124. (9) C.W. Smith, et all, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland, The British Lichen Society (2009), p 613.