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Big Rock Township, Arkansas, United States
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Cantharellus xanthopus syn.: Cantharellus lutescens, Craterellus lutescens, Craterellus auroraYellow-footed Chanterelle, Starkriechender PfifferlingSlo.: olta trobentaDate: Oct. 13. 2009Lat.: 46.38253 Long.: 13.78549Code: Bot_392/2009-6329Habitat: Young open mixed wood, predominately Picea abies and some Pinus.sp and Fagus sylvatica, mossy, quite humid ground, in half shade, no sun during winter months, nearly flat calcareous terrain, average precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 830 m (2.700 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: grassy and mossy groundPlace: Zadnjica valley, lower Strunik place, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia ECComment: Growing in small groups, many specimens. Ref.: G. Pace, Vse o gobah (in Slovene), Mladinska Knjiga (1997), p 309J.Grom, Nae gobe (in Slovene), epna Knjiga, (1981), p 126M.Bon, Pareys Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 306D.Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), pp 665.
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Russell's Enclosure, Forest of Dean, Glos. SO612098
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A white coral fungus reported from many parts of the world. This one is growing on dead wood in southwestern British Columbia. Known as the white Coral or Crested Coral Fungus, it is edible.
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Cantharellus tubaeformisTrumpet ChanterelleSlo.: lijasta lisikaDat.: Oct. 06. 2012Lat.: 46.42773 Long.: 13.61550Code: Bot_665/2012_DSC5436Habitat: In mixed alpine forest, dominant Fagus sylvatica, some Picea abies, Abies alba; among grass; east oriented mountain slope, calcareous bedrock however apparently acid soil (presence of Vaccinium myrtillus); mostly in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 2-4 deg C, elevation 1.480 m (4.850 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: soil, buried rotten wood debris.Place: Mt. Mangart region, northeast ridge of Mt.Planja, 1.553 m, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Substratum: soil, buried rotten wood debris.Comments: Growing in groups, many fruitbodies, pileus diameter up to 4 5.5 cm, stipe 2-3.5 cm long, taste indistinctive, smell mild, pleasant, mushroomy; flesh brittle; SP whitish-beige (oac900), trama pale ocher (oac883).Spores smooth. Dimensions: 9.7 (SD = 0.5) x 7.2 (SD = 0.5) , Q = 1.35 (SD = 0.1), n = 30 . Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, LjubljanaRef.:(1) S.Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 451. 9-12/6-8(2) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 1012. 9-12/5-10 (3) R.Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 273. 9-12/6,5-8
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Skagway, Alaska
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Multiclavula mucida (Pers.) R.H. Petersen, syn.: Lentaria mucida (Pers.) Corner, Clavaria mucida Pers.Scum lover, DE: Schmiriges HoltzkeulchenSlo.: ?Dat.: Nov. 11. 2015Lat.: 46.35984 Long.: 13.70473Code: Bot_926/2015_DSC9744Habitat: Alpine valley, semiruderal grassland in front of a farm house; shallow, calcareous ground; flat terrain; partly sunny; cold place in shade of mountain during winter months; exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7 - 9 deg C, elevation 560 m (1.850 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: stump of a cut down, old Juglans regia in its final disintegration stage.Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta, near farm house Skokar, Trenta 2, right bank of river Soa, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: This is my second observation of this interesting basidiomycete growing in symbiosis with algae (Coccomyxa) similar to lichens, where I measured spores. It is also the second time where they are definitely wider than they should be for M. mucida (see graph 'Measured spore dimensions and data from literature' in this observation and compare album Multiclavula mucida - I). Measured spores originated from tiny but clear spore pint produced by the sporocarps. All sources I found consistently state that spore width should not exceed 3.0 (3.2) m. According to the key in Ref.:(4), only three other Multiclavula species (among 13 treated) fit to the spore dimensions of this observation: M. fossicola, which is terrestrial and has larger basidia (see MycoBank), M. coronilla, which is also terrestrial and M. clara, which is not white but pale orange. In addition MycoBank disagrees with Ref.4. in stating M. fossicola maximal spore width no more than 2.7(3.0) microns. Therefore the measured spore width remains a secret to me and casts some doubt in the determination. Sporocarps also seem quite frequently branched, more than stated in most sources for typical Multiclavula mucida. Substrate is also interesting. Most my other observations of this species in the Upper Soa River region involve Picea abies as substrate.Spores smooth; dimensions: 6.4 [7.4 ; 7.7] 8.7 x 2.8 [3.2 ; 3.3] 3.7 microns; Q = 2 [2.3 ; 2.4] 2.6; N = 44; C = 95%; Me = 7.6 x 3.2 microns; Qe = 2.3. Basidia multiguttulate, sterigmata 4, oblong with narrow, stalk like, base; dimensions: 15.9 [19 ; 21.2] 24.3 x 4.3 [5 ; 5.5] 6.3 microns; Q = 2.6 [3.5 ; 4.2] 5.1; N = 15; C = 95%; Me = 20.1 x 5.3 microns; Qe = 3.9 (25-30 x 7-8 m according to Ref.: 3). Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water, cotton blue. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2. Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 342.(2) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 2, Ulmer (2000), p 43. (3) R.H. Petersen, Multiclavula mucida, Bull. New Zealand Dept. Sci. Industr.Res. 236 (1988), p 85, access available at
www.mycobank.com . (4) The key based on R.H. Petersen, Notes on Clavarioid Fungi. VII. Redefinition of the Clavaria vernalis - C. mucida, American Midland Naturalist (1967), 77.1, pp 205-221, modified by A. Rockefeller, J. Hollinger, D. Newman, available at Mushroom Observer.(5) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Teil.1. 2., Ulmer (1995), p 594.(6) D. Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 636 (7) W. Rothmaler, Exkursionsflora von Deutschland, Vol.1, Niedere Pflanzen, Elsevier, 3. Auflage (1994), p 542. (8) M.P. Nelsen, Noteworthy collection, Michigan, Multiclavula vernalis, Multiclavula mucida, The Michigan Botanist, Vol.46. (2009), p 124. (9) C.W. Smith, et all, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland, The British Lichen Society (2009), p 613.
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Craterellus cornucopioidesBlack TrumpetSlo.: mrtvaka trobentaDate: Oct. 13. 2009Lat.: 46.38066 Long.: 13.78168Code: Bot_392/2009-6363Habitat: Light mixed wood, mostly Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies, calcareous bed rock, probably mild acid soil (among Vaccinium myrtillus and mosses), nearly flat ground, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 850 m (2.800 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: soilPlace: Zadnjica valley, lower Strunik place, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC
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Clavulina cinereaGray Coral, Graue KoralleSlo.:siva grivaaDat.: Nov. 14. 2013Lat.: 46.38445 Long.: 13.75013Code: Bot_774/2013_DSC9321Habitat: Mixed wood over calcareous rocks and boulders, Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica dominant; growing under Picea abies, at the foot of east oriented, moderately steep mountain slope, mostly in shade, humid place, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 690 m ( 2.250 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: forest soil containing lot of rotten Picea abies needles and wood debris, probably locally acid ground (Erica carnea present)Place: Upper Trenta valley, right bank of river Soa, 'Soka pot' trail, upstream of the confluence of river Krajcarca and Soa, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: Growing in groups; over ten fruit bodies present. Overall dimensions up to 7 x 5 cm; generally gray fruit bodies have a slight pink-violet tint like oac634 but darker; bruising dirty brown when handled; taste mild, may be slightly bitter after a while; smell indistinctive, flesh quite brittle, SP abundant, yellow, oac856.Spores smooth with one big oil drop. Dimensions:8.5 (SD= 0.5) x 7.2 (SD= 0.4) , Q = 1.18 (SD = 0.07), n = 30. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil; in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) D. Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 641. (2) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 308. (3) W.Rothmaler, Exkursionsflora von Deutschland, Vol.1, Niedere Pflanzen, Elsevier, 3.Auflage, (1994), p 366. (4) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 456. 9-12/8-10(5) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 344. (6) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Bade-Wrttembergs, Band 2, Ulmer (2000), p 53.
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Craterellus lutescens (Fr.) Fr., syn.: Cantharellus aurora (Batsch) Kuyper, Cantharellus infundibuliformis var. tubiforis (Schaeff.) Maire, Cantharellus tubaeformis var. lutescens Fr., Helvella tubaeformis Schaeff. Golden Chanterelle, DE: Duftender Gabeling, GoldfchenSlo.: olta lisika, olta trobentaDat.: Oct. 8 2016Lat.: 46.39328 Long.: 13.69836Code: Bot_1014/2016_IMG1548Habitat: light mixed wood edge, Picea abies, Fagus sylvatica, Larix decidua, Salix eleagnos dominant trees; slightly inclined mountain slope, north aspect; calcareous, colluvial, skeletal ground; in half shade; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 3-5 deg C, elevation 1.005 m (3.400 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: moss covered soil under young Picea abies trees.Place: Zadnja Trenta valley, Zapodn place, next to the trail to Zapotok waterfalls, somewhat upstream of a small dam on (mostly dry) river Soa bed, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comments: Craterellus lutescens is generally considered as quite rare mushroom. It is in strong decline in many countries of Europe since it is very sensitive to air emissions by traffic and agriculture. It is protected by law in Slovenia. However, in Trenta valley the species is still quite common. It usually appears in large colonies having several tens of fruitbodies. Growing scattered in a large group of more than 30 fruitbodies; pilei diameter up to 7 cm, stipe up to 10 cm long and 2.1 cm in diameter; smell distinctive, fresh, typical on chanterelles, pleasant; taste mild, pleasant; flesh brittle, fibrous; SP yellowish, oac6.Uredba o zavarovanih prostoiveih vrstah gliv, Uradni list RS, t. 58/2011 (Regulation of protected wild fungi, Official Gazette of Republic Slovenia, no. 58/2011), (2011).Spores smooth. Dimensions: 9,7 [10,6 ; 11,1] 12,1 x 6,4 [7,4 ; 7,8] 8,8 microns; Q = 1,3 [1,4 ; 1,5] 1,6; N = 30; C = 95%; Me = 10,9 x 7,6 microns; Qe = 1,4. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil; fresh material, in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2. Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 370. (2) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 273. (3) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 450. (4) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 2., Ulmer (2000), p 8.(5) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 306.
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Also known as Wood Hedgehog or Hedgehog mushroom HydnaceaeFound in North America and EuropeAn edible mushroomSan Francisco, California
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The Pacific Golden Chanterelle is one of the most popular mushrooms in the Pacific Northwest.
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2009.08.16: Austria, Lower Austria, district Baden, 530 m AMSL, broadleaf forest.From june till august (october).In some regions still quite common but has become rare in more densely populated regions.German name: Eierschwammerl (AT), Pfifferling (DE).
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This small (but edible) late-season species in known as the Winter Chanterelle. It may soon be renamed C. neotubaeformis.
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Cantharellus xanthopus syn.: Cantharellus lutescens, Craterellus lutescens, Craterellus auroraYellow-footed Chanterelle, Starkriechender PfifferlingSlo.: olta trobentaDate: Oct. 13. 2009Lat.: 46.38253 Long.: 13.78549Code: Bot_392/2009-6329Habitat: Young open mixed wood, predominately Picea abies and some Pinus.sp and Fagus sylvatica, mossy, quite humid ground, in half shade, no sun during winter months, nearly flat calcareous terrain, average precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 830 m (2.700 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: grassy and mossy groundPlace: Zadnjica valley, lower Strunik place, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia ECComment: Growing in small groups, many specimens. Ref.: G. Pace, Vse o gobah (in Slovene), Mladinska Knjiga (1997), p 309J.Grom, Nae gobe (in Slovene), epna Knjiga, (1981), p 126M.Bon, Pareys Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 306D.Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), pp 665.
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2010-10-10 Burgenland, district Oberpullendorf (spruce monoculture forest, 780 m AMSL).Moss:
Polytrichum.ID:
Index fungorum; many synonyms are in use for this one, according to my source Clavulina coralloides is the current (and approved) name, but Clavulina cristata and others also are still used. Divided into several sub-species by specialists.
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Cantharellus tubaeformisTrumpet ChanterelleSlo.: lijasta lisikaDat.: Oct. 06. 2012Lat.: 46.42773 Long.: 13.61550Code: Bot_665/2012_DSC5436Habitat: In mixed alpine forest, dominant Fagus sylvatica, some Picea abies, Abies alba; among grass; east oriented mountain slope, calcareous bedrock however apparently acid soil (presence of Vaccinium myrtillus); mostly in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 2-4 deg C, elevation 1.480 m (4.850 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: soil, buried rotten wood debris.Place: Mt. Mangart region, northeast ridge of Mt.Planja, 1.553 m, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Substratum: soil, buried rotten wood debris.Comments: Growing in groups, many fruitbodies, pileus diameter up to 4 5.5 cm, stipe 2-3.5 cm long, taste indistinctive, smell mild, pleasant, mushroomy; flesh brittle; SP whitish-beige (oac900), trama pale ocher (oac883).Spores smooth. Dimensions: 9.7 (SD = 0.5) x 7.2 (SD = 0.5) , Q = 1.35 (SD = 0.1), n = 30 . Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, LjubljanaRef.:(1) S.Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 451. 9-12/6-8(2) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 1012. 9-12/5-10 (3) R.Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 273. 9-12/6,5-8
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Multiclavula mucida (Pers.) R.H. Petersen, syn.: Lentaria mucida (Pers.) Corner, Clavaria mucida Pers.Scum lover, DE: Schmiriges HoltzkeulchenSlo.: ?Dat.: Nov. 11. 2015Lat.: 46.35984 Long.: 13.70473Code: Bot_926/2015_DSC9744Habitat: Alpine valley, semiruderal grassland in front of a farm house; shallow, calcareous ground; flat terrain; partly sunny; cold place in shade of mountain during winter months; exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7 - 9 deg C, elevation 560 m (1.850 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: stump of a cut down, old Juglans regia in its final disintegration stage.Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta, near farm house Skokar, Trenta 2, right bank of river Soa, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: This is my second observation of this interesting basidiomycete growing in symbiosis with algae (Coccomyxa) similar to lichens, where I measured spores. It is also the second time where they are definitely wider than they should be for M. mucida (see graph 'Measured spore dimensions and data from literature' in this observation and compare album Multiclavula mucida - I). Measured spores originated from tiny but clear spore pint produced by the sporocarps. All sources I found consistently state that spore width should not exceed 3.0 (3.2) m. According to the key in Ref.:(4), only three other Multiclavula species (among 13 treated) fit to the spore dimensions of this observation: M. fossicola, which is terrestrial and has larger basidia (see MycoBank), M. coronilla, which is also terrestrial and M. clara, which is not white but pale orange. In addition MycoBank disagrees with Ref.4. in stating M. fossicola maximal spore width no more than 2.7(3.0) microns. Therefore the measured spore width remains a secret to me and casts some doubt in the determination. Sporocarps also seem quite frequently branched, more than stated in most sources for typical Multiclavula mucida. Substrate is also interesting. Most my other observations of this species in the Upper Soa River region involve Picea abies as substrate.Spores smooth; dimensions: 6.4 [7.4 ; 7.7] 8.7 x 2.8 [3.2 ; 3.3] 3.7 microns; Q = 2 [2.3 ; 2.4] 2.6; N = 44; C = 95%; Me = 7.6 x 3.2 microns; Qe = 2.3. Basidia multiguttulate, sterigmata 4, oblong with narrow, stalk like, base; dimensions: 15.9 [19 ; 21.2] 24.3 x 4.3 [5 ; 5.5] 6.3 microns; Q = 2.6 [3.5 ; 4.2] 5.1; N = 15; C = 95%; Me = 20.1 x 5.3 microns; Qe = 3.9 (25-30 x 7-8 m according to Ref.: 3). Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water, cotton blue. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2. Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 342.(2) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 2, Ulmer (2000), p 43. (3) R.H. Petersen, Multiclavula mucida, Bull. New Zealand Dept. Sci. Industr.Res. 236 (1988), p 85, access available at
www.mycobank.com . (4) The key based on R.H. Petersen, Notes on Clavarioid Fungi. VII. Redefinition of the Clavaria vernalis - C. mucida, American Midland Naturalist (1967), 77.1, pp 205-221, modified by A. Rockefeller, J. Hollinger, D. Newman, available at Mushroom Observer.(5) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Teil.1. 2., Ulmer (1995), p 594.(6) D. Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 636 (7) W. Rothmaler, Exkursionsflora von Deutschland, Vol.1, Niedere Pflanzen, Elsevier, 3. Auflage (1994), p 542. (8) M.P. Nelsen, Noteworthy collection, Michigan, Multiclavula vernalis, Multiclavula mucida, The Michigan Botanist, Vol.46. (2009), p 124. (9) C.W. Smith, et all, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland, The British Lichen Society (2009), p 613.
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2010-10-10 Burgenland, district Oberpullendorf (mixed beech-spruce forest, 700 m AMSL).German name: Totentrompete
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Clavulina cinereaGray Coral, Graue KoralleSlo.:siva grivaaDat.: Nov. 14. 2013Lat.: 46.38445 Long.: 13.75013Code: Bot_774/2013_DSC9321Habitat: Mixed wood over calcareous rocks and boulders, Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica dominant; growing under Picea abies, at the foot of east oriented, moderately steep mountain slope, mostly in shade, humid place, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 690 m ( 2.250 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: forest soil containing lot of rotten Picea abies needles and wood debris, probably locally acid ground (Erica carnea present)Place: Upper Trenta valley, right bank of river Soa, 'Soka pot' trail, upstream of the confluence of river Krajcarca and Soa, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: Growing in groups; over ten fruit bodies present. Overall dimensions up to 7 x 5 cm; generally gray fruit bodies have a slight pink-violet tint like oac634 but darker; bruising dirty brown when handled; taste mild, may be slightly bitter after a while; smell indistinctive, flesh quite brittle, SP abundant, yellow, oac856.Spores smooth with one big oil drop. Dimensions:8.5 (SD= 0.5) x 7.2 (SD= 0.4) , Q = 1.18 (SD = 0.07), n = 30. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil; in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) D. Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 641. (2) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 308. (3) W.Rothmaler, Exkursionsflora von Deutschland, Vol.1, Niedere Pflanzen, Elsevier, 3.Auflage, (1994), p 366. (4) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 456. 9-12/8-10(5) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 344. (6) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Bade-Wrttembergs, Band 2, Ulmer (2000), p 53.
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Cannop pools. Forest of Dean. Glos. SO612098