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Srednji Vrh, Jesenice, Slovenia
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Gymnadenia conopsea, Orchidaceae, on Box Hill, England
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Nigritella rhellicani Teppner & Klein, syn.: Gymnadenia rhellicani (Teppner & Klein) Teppner, Nigritella nigra ssp. rhellicani (Teppner & Klein) Baumann, Kunkele & LorenzRhellicani's Vanilla Orchid, DE: Schwarzes KhlroschenSlo.: Rhellicanova murkaDat.: July 4. 2016Lat.: 46.21229 Long.: 13.53009Code: Bot_983/2016_IMG0837Habitat: mountain grassland, almost flat terrain; calcareous ground, full sun; elevation 1.625 m (5.330 feet); average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 1-3 deg C, pre-alpine phytogeographical region. Place: 50 to 100 m east of the chapel on top of Mt. Matajur; Julian Pre-Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comment: Nigritella rhellicani Teppner & Klein was separated from Nigritella nigra s.lat. only in 1991. In the Slovenian atlas Ref.3 (2000) most of our finds are still named as Nigritella nigra s.lat. At the time of publication Nigritella rhellicani was recognized only in two UTM squares. Similar situation applies for the Italian side of Julian Pre-Alps (Ref.4 -2002)). The stands on Mt. Matajur are not included in our atlas neither as Nigritella rhellicani nor as Nigritella nigra. Presently botanists claim that Nigritella nigra s.lat. consists of Nigritella nigra s.str., which grows only far north in Scandinavia and Nigritella rhellicani growing in our regions. Nigritella nigra s.str. is not included in Aeschimann et al, Flora Alpina (Ref.5.- 2004). However, Ref.1. (2005) (the best key I know) still states presence of Nigritella nigra (ssp. austriaca) (= Nigritella austriaca (Teppner & Klein) Delforge) for south Austria, which is next to the Julian Alps in Slovenia. Anyway, Nigritella rhellicani Teppner & Klein is marked in this reference as a critical species for determination. Protected according to: Uredba o zavarovanih prostoiveih rastlinskih vrstah, poglavje A, Uradni list RS, t. 46/2004 (Regulation of protected wild plants, chapter A, Official Gazette of Republic Slovenia, no. 46/2004), (2004).Pravilnik o uvrstitvi ogroenih rastlinskih in ivalskih vrst v rdei seznam, Uradni list RS, t. 82/2002 (Regulation of enlisting of endangered plant and animal species onto Red List, Official Gazette of Republic Slovenia, no. 82/2002) (2002). Enlisted in the Slovene Red List of rare and endangered species, marked by "V" representing a vulnerable species.Ref.:(1) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora fr sterreich, Liechtenstein und Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 1043.(2) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007), p 773. (3) N. Jogan (ed.), Gradivo za Atlas flore Slovenije (Materials for the Atlas of Flora of Slovenia), CKSF (2001), p xx(4) L. Poldini, Nuovo Atlante corologico delle piante vascolari nel Friuli Venezia Giulia, University of Trieste (2002), p xx.(5) D. Aeschimann, K. Lauber, D.M. Moser, J.P. Theurillat, Flora Alpina, Vol. 1,2., Haupt (2004), p 1114.
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Nigritella miniata (Crantz) Janch., syn.: Gymnadenia miniata (Krantz) Hayek, Gymnadenia rubra Wettst., Nigritella rubra (Wettst.) Richt., Nigritella nigra ssp. rubra (Wettst.) Beauverd, Nigritella bicolor FoelscheRed Vanilla Orchid, DE: Rotes KohlrschenSlo.: rdea murkaDat.: July 8. 2011Lat.: 46.33803 Long.: 13.82775 Elevation 1.950 m 6.400 feet.Code: Bot_532/2011_DSC8469Habitat: alpine grassland, calcareous ground; open place, full sun, exposed to direct rain, elevation from 1.890 m (6.200 feet) to 1.950 m (6.400 feet), average precipitations about 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 0-2 deg C, alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: soil.Place: Lazovki preval pass, below Mt. Debeli vrh, close to the trail from Planina Laz to Lazovki preval pass, East Julian Alps, Gorenjska, Slovenia EC. Comment: Lazovki preval pass and Ogradi Mountains are full of these beautiful, wild and nicely smelling high mountain orchids. Apart of numerous Nigritella miniata one can find also even more abundant Nigritella rhellicani and Nigritella widderi and may be some other Nigritella species too, which depends on how one treats taxonomy of these jewels. All of them a generally considered as rare plants. Taxonomy is still far from being settled and agreed upon among specialists. Variability of traits is large and small, often inconsistent morphological differences are decisive or are supposed to be decisive. Even genus Nigritella itself is questionable today based on interpretation of DNA evidence. Protected according to: Uredba o zavarovanih prostoiveih rastlinskih vrstah, poglavje A, Uradni list RS, t. 46/2004 (Regulation of protected wild plants, chapter A, Official Gazette of Republic Slovenia, no. 46/2004), (2004). Also enclosed in the Slovene Red List of rare and endangered species, marked by "R" representing a rare species.Ref.:(1) H. Baumann, S. Kuenkele, R.Lorenz, Orchideen Europas, Ulmer (2006), p 136.(2) B. Dolinar, Kukavievke v Sloveniji (Orchidaceae of Slovenia) (in Slovenian), Pipinova Knjiga (2015), p 119.(3) H. Kretzschmar, Die Orchideen Deutschlands und angrenzenden Lander, Quelle Meyer (2008), p 184.(4) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora fr sterreich, Liechtenstein und Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 1044.(5) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007), p 773.
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Kleine Scheidegg, Canton of Berne, Switzerland
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Nigritella bicolor, W. Foelsche Zweifarbiges KohlrschenSlo.: dvobarvna murka (? the name is not yet officially defined) Dat.: Jul. 08. 2012Lat.: (46.4000) Long.: (13.6000)Code: Bot_637/2012_DSC4375 Habitat: High mountain pasture, moderately inclined, slightly south west oriented, slope, calcareous ground, full sun, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 1-3 deg C, elevation 2.000 m (6.550 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: soil.Place: Mt. Mangart region, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comment: The species is new to Slovenia. It was recognized as a new species in 2010 by W. Foelsche (see ref.:1.). Growing in a small group of six plants only. No more have been found yet. Geographic coordinates given are only approximate. Protected according to 'Uredba o zavarovanih prosto iveih rastlinskih vrstah'Ur.l. RS, t. 46/2004 (in the group of all Orchidaceae). Also enclosed in the Slovene Red List of rare and endangered species, marked by "V" representing a vulnerable species (as all Orchidaceae).Ref.:(1) W. Foelsche, Nigritella bicolor, ein neues apomiktisches Kohlrschen der Alpen, des Dinarischen Gebirges und der Karpaten. Journal Europischer Orchideen (2010), 42 (1), pp 31 82.(2) W. Foelsche,: Die Fundstellen von Nigritella bicolor. Anhang zu: Foelsche,W. (2010): Nigritella bicolor, ein neues apomiktisches Kohlrschen der Alpen, des Dinarischen Gebirges und der Karpaten. Journal Europischer Orchideen (2010), 42 (1, Supplement), pp 141.Micro 105mm/f2.8
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Gymnadenia conopsea ssp. conopsea (L.) R. Br.Fragrant Orchid, DE: Mcken Handwurz, Mcken Nacktdrse, Mcken-HandelwurzSlo.: navadni kukovinikDat.: July 05. 2014Lat.: 46.38304 Long.: 13.58260Code: Bot_808/2014_DSC1467Habitat: grass and isolated trees (dominant Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica) overgrown alluvial deposits of a river, calcareous ground, shallow ground water, flat terrain, open fairly sunny place, high air humidity, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C,elevation 540 m (1.770 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil. Place: Koritnica valley, right bank of river Koritnica, upstream of Monica settlement, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comment: Gymnadenia conopsea is with little doubt the most common wild orchid growing in upper Posoje. Many times it appears in large groups. One can find it almost in all habitats since it is ambivalent to ground humidity, acidity and type of ground. There is only one ground condition, which kills it - too much nitrogen in the ground, with other words too much fertilization particularly with nitrogen rich slurry. Taxonomically, several subspecies, varieties and forms have been described, but most of them are not generally accepted. For example, tall plants with dense inflorescence and many flowers (>40 according to some authors) in it are named as Gymnadenia conopsea ssp. densiflora, Gymnadenia conopsea var. densiflora or lately on species level Gymnadenia splendida. Subspecies montana, alpina, vernalis etc. are also described. To my field experience plants differ widely in size, shape as well as in color (from pink to almost purple). On one hand, difference in habitus of a small Gymnadenia conopsea ssp. conopsea, say, 30 cm tall with 20 flowers and a plant, which is supposed to be Gymnadenia splendida, which can be over 1 m tall having very dense inflorescence with over 100 flowers is undeniable. On the other hand, one can find also all possible intermediate forms, resembling much more a continuum of forms than two (or more) distinct appearances. Be it as it may, all are beautiful.Protected according to 'Uredba o zavarovanih prosto iveih rastlinskih vrstah', Ur.l.RS, t.46/2004 (Regulation on protected wild plants, Official gazette of Republic of Slovenia, No. 46/2004). Enlisted in the Slovene Red List of rare and endangered species, marked by "V" representing a vulnerable species.Ref.:(1) H. Haeupler, T. Muer, Bildatlas der Farn- und Bltenpflazen Deutschlands, Ulmer (2000), p 705.(2) H. Baumann, S. Kuenkele, R. Lorenz, Orchideen Europas, Ulmer (2006), p 104.(3) D. Aeschimann, K. Lauber, D.M. Moser, J.P. Theurillat, Flora Alpina, Vol. 2., Haupt (2004), p 1112.(4) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora sterreich Liechtenstein, Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 1041.(5) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije, Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007) (in Slovene), p 773.
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xGymnigritella suaveolens Wettstein, syn.: Gymnadenia conopsea (L.) Brown x Nigritella rhellicani Teppner et KleinFamily: OrchidaceaeEN: no name found, Hybrid between Fragrant and Vanillia Orchid, DE: Hybride zwischen Mcken-Hndelwurz und Schwarzem KohlrschenSlo.: krianec med navadnim kukovinikom in Rhelicanijevo murkoDat.: July 11. 2019Lat.: 46.32864 Long.: 13.47670 (WGS84)Code: Bot_1226/2019_DSC08524Habitat: Alpine grassland, moderately inclined mountain slope, south aspect; calcareous, skeletal ground; relatively warm, dry, sunny, open place; elevation 1.600 m (5.250 feet); average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 2-3 deg C, alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil.Place: Mt. Kanin mountain group; next to the trail from Planina Gozdec to Planina Baban, north of Boka waterfall, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comment: (relates to the album xGymnigritella suaveolens): xGymnigritella suaveolens is an intergeneric hybrid resulting from pollination between two plants of different genera - in this case Gymnadenia and Nigritella. In this particular case, this statement is somewhat ambiguous because many botanists consider (or have considered) both genera a single one. They merged the genus Nigritella into the genus Gymnadenia. However, a consensus about this has not been reached yet. Intergeneric hybrids are less common than interspecies hybrids (two different species from the same genus mate). In spite of this xGymnigritella suaveolens are relatively quite common plants. They have easy to spot conspicuous habitus and flowers have saturated color. The plants clearly show intermediate traits of both parents. One of them, easy to observe, is the resupination of the flowers (twisting of the flower stalks through about 180 so they are actually 'upside-down' positioned when they open; therefore, the lip of the most Orchidaceae is pointing downwards), Gymnadenia conopsea has resupinate flowers while those of Nigritella rhellicani are not. Consequently, the hybrid has flowers only partly resupinate to various degree. This can be clearly seen from my pictures. The inflorescence looks in some way chaotic, flowers in the inflorescence are not oriented orderly as with the parents of the hybrid. Protected according to: Uredba o zavarovanih prostoiveih rastlinskih vrstah, poglavje A, Uradni list RS, t. 46/2004 (Regulation of protected wild plants, chapter A, Official Gazette of Republic Slovenia, no. 46/2004), (2004).Ref.(1) Personal communication (Leg. & Det.) with Mr. Branko Dolinar,
www.orhideje.si(2)
docplayer.org/79014904-Die-gattung-nigritella-rich.html (accessed Oct.14. 2020)(3)
grabner-orchideen.com/is_hybrids/hyb_gy_co_gy_rh.htm (accessed Oct.14. 2020)(4) Kretzschmar, Die Orchideen Deutschlands und angrenzenden Lander, Quelle Meyer (2008), p 272.(5) N. Griebl, Intergenerische Hybriden in den Alpen, Ber. Arbeitskrs. Heim. Orchid. (2008), 25 (1): 254 - 280
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Summary[
edit] Description: English: Nigritella cornelianaa red form. Date: 7 August 2013. Source: Own work. Author:
Meneerke bloem.
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Summary[
edit] Description: Gymnadenia odoratissima, Puez-Geisler-Gruppe, Italy. Date: 6 July 2007. Source: Self-photographed. Author:
Bernd Haynold. Permission(
Reusing this file): Dual License GFDL and CC-by-sa.
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Nigritella widderi Teppner& Klein, syn.: Nigritella rubra ssp. widderi (Teppner & Klein) Baumann & Lorenz, Gymnadenia widderi (Teppner & Klein) Teppner & KleinWidder's Nigritella, DE: Widders Mnnertreu, Widders KohlrschenSlo.: Widderjeva murkaDat.: July 2. 2011Lat.: 46.33819 Long.: 13.82839Code: Bot_530/2011_DSC8217Picture file names: from Nigritella-widderi_raw_1 to Nigritella-widderi_raw_9. Habitat: alpine grassland, calcareous ground; open place, full sun, exposed to direct rain, altitude 1.940 m (6.350 feet), average precipitations about 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 0-2 deg C, alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: soil.Place: Lazovki preval pass, below Mt. Debeli vrh, close to the trail from Planina Laz to Lazovki preval pass, East Julian Alps, Gorenjska, Slovenia EC. Comment: Nigritella widderi was recognized as a new taxon in calcareous Northeast Alps in Austria about thirty years ago in 1985. In Slovenia it was first found in Julian Alps south of Mt. Triglav, 2.863 m in 2011 (Ref.: 6) . Up to now a few other stands have been found. All of them are in Julian Alps. To distinguish it from other red blooming Nigritella species is not always simple. The important typical traits are pink flowers at the bottom of the inflorescence, which are paler than the purple-red ones on the top of it. Also dark purple-red bracts, which can be seen among the flowers, are significant. The inflorescence is rather short and never distinctly cylindrical. There are also tiny morphological differences in rostellum, but it is almost impossible to observe them in the field without experience and a good hand lens. In addition, one has to pick the flowers to make such observations, which is prohibited, because the species is protected.Protected according to: Uredba o zavarovanih prostoiveih rastlinskih vrstah, poglavje A, Uradni list RS, t. 46/2004 (Regulation of protected wild plants, chapter A, Official Gazette of Republic Slovenia, no. 46/2004), (2004).Ref.:(1) H. Baumann, S. Kuenkele, R. Lorenz, Orchideen Europas, Ulmer (2006), p 138.(2) H. Kretzschmar, Die Orchideen Deutschlands und angrenzenden Lander, Quelle Meyer (2008), p 188.(3) B. Dolinar, Kukavievke v Sloveniji (Orchidaceae of Slovenia) (in Slovenian), Pipinova Knjiga (2015), p 125.(4) D. Aeschimann, K. Lauber, D.M. Moser, J.P. Theurillat, Flora Alpina, Vol. 2., Haupt (2004), p 1116.(5) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora fr sterreich, Liechtenstein und Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 1044.(6) I. Dakskobler, B. Dolinar, B. Zupan, R. Iskra, P. Strgar, A. Trnkoczy, Nigritella widderi Tepner and E.Klein, a new species in the flora of Slovenia, Folia biologica et geologica, Academia Scientiarum et Artum Slovenica, 53/1-2 (2012), p 25.(7) W. Foelsche, Nigritella bicolor, ein neues apomiktisches Kohlrschen der Alpen, des Dinarischen Gebirges und der Karpaten. Journal Europischer Orchideen(2010), 42 (1), pp 31 82.(8) G. Perazza, R. Lorenz, Le orchidee dell' Italia nord orientale, atlante corologico e guida al riconoscimento, CIV pubblicazione del Museo Civico di Rovereto, Edizioni Osiride, Rovereto (2013).
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Gymnadenia odoratissima (L.) Rich., syn.: Orchis odoratissima L.Sweetest Orchid, DE: Wohlriechende Hndelwurtz, Wohlriechende NacktdrseSlo.: diei kukovinikDat.: June 18. 2015Lat.: 46.37135 Long.: 13.73363Code: Bot_888/2015_DSC_7281Habitat: Riparian, calcareous, sandy ground, river deposits, flat terrain; in grass among river shore bushes (dominant Salix eleagnos, Picea abies), shallow ground water, half shade; partly protected from direct rain by bush canopies, elevation 570 m (1.850 feet), average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7 - 9 deg C, alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: sandy river bank soil.Place: Lower Trenta valley, left bank of river Soa, just downstream from the bridge to Maslc farmhouse, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comment: Gymnadenia odoratissima is a tender, medium sized orchid growing widespread in all parts of the Alps and other European mountains. In Slovenia it is more frequent in its northwest part, but it is nowhere a common plant.The plant is quite similar to smaller specimens of much more common Gymnadenia conopsea ssp. conopsea. Superficially seen, habitus, habitat, as well as shape and color of flowers of both species do not differ much. Literature usually states that strong, pleasant smell of Gymnadenia odoratissima (notice Latin species name) most easily distinguishes it from Gymnadenia conopsea ssp. conopsea. However, to my experience, many times also Gymnadenia conopsea smells quite distinctly and pleasantly. Also the size of the flowers, which is generally smaller with Gymnadenia odoratissima, is not always a reliable distinguishing trait. One can find also small plants (usually growing on nutrients poor ground) of Gymnadenia conopsea with very small flowers of the similar size as of Gymnadenia odoratissima. The most reliable distinguishing trait between both species seems to be the shape of spur. Flowers of Gymnadenia conopsea have very, very long, thin, distinctly downwards curved spur, which is always much longer than ovary, while Gymnadenia odoratissima has much shorter, thicker (relatively to flower size), more or less straight spur, which is of about the same length as ovary or slightly shorter.Seven plants were found along about a length of 15 m of river bank, one of them was completely white (see picture 14.). The color of Gymnadenia odoratissima varies significantly from very pale to intensive pink. White plants are rare.Protected according to 'Uredba o zavarovanih prostoiveih rastlinskih vrstah'Url. RS, t. 46/2004 (Regulation of protection of wild growing plants, Official Gazette of Republic Slovenia, No.:46/2004). Enlisted in the Slovene Red List of rare and endangered species, marked by "V" representing a vulnerable species.Ref.:(1) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora sterreich Liechtenstein, Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 1041.(2) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije, Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007) (in Slovene), p 772. (3) D. Aeschimann, K. Lauber, D.M. Moser, J.P. Theurillat, Flora Alpina, Vol. 2., Haupt (2004), p 1112.(4) B. Dolinar, Kukavievke v Sloveniji (Orchids in Slovenia), Pipinova Knjiga (2015), p 91.(5) H. Kretzschmar, Die Orchideen Deutschlands und angrenzender Lander, Quelle & Meyer (2008), p 152.
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Kranjska Gora, Jesenice, Slovenija
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Nigritella rhellicani Teppner & Klein, syn.: Gymnadenia rhellicani (Teppner & Klein) Teppner, Nigritella nigra ssp. rhellicani (Teppner & Klein) Baumann, Kunkele & LorenzRhellicani's Vanilla Orchid, DE: Schwarzes KhlroschenSlo.: Rhellicanova murkaDat.: July 4. 2016Lat.: 46.21314 Long.: 13.54701Code: Bot_983/2016_IMG0748Habitat: mountain grassland, moderately steep mountain slope, northeast aspect; on the border of limestone and flysh bedrock; full sun, moist place; elevation 1.400 m (4.600 feet); average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 3-5 deg C, pre-alpine phytogeographical region. Place: Next to the trail from village Livek to the top of Mt. Matajur, west of Planina Matajur, Julian Pre-Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comment: Nigritella rhellicani Teppner & Klein was separated from Nigritella nigra s.lat. only in 1991. In the Slovenian atlas Ref.3 (2000) most of our finds are still named as Nigritella nigra s.lat. At the time of publication Nigritella rhellicani was recognized only in two UTM squares. Similar situation applies for the Italian side of Julian Pre-Alps (Ref.4 -2002)). The stands on Mt. Matajur are not included in our atlas neither as Nigritella rhellicani nor as Nigritella nigra. Presently botanists claim that Nigritella nigra s.lat. consists of Nigritella nigra s.str., which grows only far north in Scandinavia and Nigritella rhellicani growing in our regions. Nigritella nigra s.str. is not included in Aeschimann et al, Flora Alpina (Ref.5.- 2004). However, Ref.1. (2005) (the best key I know) still states presence of Nigritella nigra (ssp. austriaca) (= Nigritella austriaca (Teppner & Klein) Delforge) for south Austria, which is next to the Julian Alps in Slovenia. Anyway, Nigritella rhellicani Teppner & Klein is marked in this reference as a critical species for determination. Protected according to: Uredba o zavarovanih prostoiveih rastlinskih vrstah, poglavje A, Uradni list RS, t. 46/2004 (Regulation of protected wild plants, chapter A, Official Gazette of Republic Slovenia, no. 46/2004), (2004).Pravilnik o uvrstitvi ogroenih rastlinskih in ivalskih vrst v rdei seznam, Uradni list RS, t. 82/2002 (Regulation of enlisting of endangered plant and animal species onto Red List, Official Gazette of Republic Slovenia, no. 82/2002) (2002). Enlisted in the Slovene Red List of rare and endangered species, marked by "V" representing a vulnerable species.Ref.:(1) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora fr sterreich, Liechtenstein und Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 1043.(2) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007), p 773. (3) N. Jogan (ed.), Gradivo za Atlas flore Slovenije (Materials for the Atlas of Flora of Slovenia), CKSF (2001), p xx(4) L. Poldini, Nuovo Atlante corologico delle piante vascolari nel Friuli Venezia Giulia, University of Trieste (2002), p xx.(5) D. Aeschimann, K. Lauber, D.M. Moser, J.P. Theurillat, Flora Alpina, Vol. 1,2., Haupt (2004), p 1114.
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Nigritella miniata (Crantz) Janch., syn.: Gymnadenia miniata (Krantz) Hayek, Gymnadenia rubra Wettst., Nigritella rubra (Wettst.) Richt., Nigritella nigra ssp. rubra (Wettst.) Beauverd, Nigritella bicolor FoelscheRed Vanilla Orchid, DE: Rotes KohlrschenSlo.: rdea murkaDat.: July 8. 2011Lat.: 46.33803 Long.: 13.82775 Elevation 1.950 m 6.400 feet.Code: Bot_532/2011_DSC8469Habitat: alpine grassland, calcareous ground; open place, full sun, exposed to direct rain, elevation from 1.890 m (6.200 feet) to 1.950 m (6.400 feet), average precipitations about 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 0-2 deg C, alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: soil.Place: Lazovki preval pass, below Mt. Debeli vrh, close to the trail from Planina Laz to Lazovki preval pass, East Julian Alps, Gorenjska, Slovenia EC. Comment: Lazovki preval pass and Ogradi Mountains are full of these beautiful, wild and nicely smelling high mountain orchids. Apart of numerous Nigritella miniata one can find also even more abundant Nigritella rhellicani and Nigritella widderi and may be some other Nigritella species too, which depends on how one treats taxonomy of these jewels. All of them a generally considered as rare plants. Taxonomy is still far from being settled and agreed upon among specialists. Variability of traits is large and small, often inconsistent morphological differences are decisive or are supposed to be decisive. Even genus Nigritella itself is questionable today based on interpretation of DNA evidence. Protected according to: Uredba o zavarovanih prostoiveih rastlinskih vrstah, poglavje A, Uradni list RS, t. 46/2004 (Regulation of protected wild plants, chapter A, Official Gazette of Republic Slovenia, no. 46/2004), (2004). Also enclosed in the Slovene Red List of rare and endangered species, marked by "R" representing a rare species.Ref.:(1) H. Baumann, S. Kuenkele, R.Lorenz, Orchideen Europas, Ulmer (2006), p 136.(2) B. Dolinar, Kukavievke v Sloveniji (Orchidaceae of Slovenia) (in Slovenian), Pipinova Knjiga (2015), p 119.(3) H. Kretzschmar, Die Orchideen Deutschlands und angrenzenden Lander, Quelle Meyer (2008), p 184.(4) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora fr sterreich, Liechtenstein und Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 1044.(5) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007), p 773.
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Nigritella bicolor, W. Foelsche Zweifarbiges KohlrschenSlo.: dvobarvna murka (? the name is not yet officially defined) Dat.: Jul. 08. 2012Lat.: (46.4000) Long.: (13.6000)Code: Bot_637/2012_DSC4375 Habitat: High mountain pasture, moderately inclined, slightly south west oriented, slope, calcareous ground, full sun, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 1-3 deg C, elevation 2.000 m (6.550 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: soil.Place: Mt. Mangart region, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comment: The species is new to Slovenia. It was recognized as a new species in 2010 by W. Foelsche (see ref.:1.). Growing in a small group of six plants only. No more have been found yet. Geographic coordinates given are only approximate. Protected according to 'Uredba o zavarovanih prosto iveih rastlinskih vrstah'Ur.l. RS, t. 46/2004 (in the group of all Orchidaceae). Also enclosed in the Slovene Red List of rare and endangered species, marked by "V" representing a vulnerable species (as all Orchidaceae).Ref.:(1) W. Foelsche, Nigritella bicolor, ein neues apomiktisches Kohlrschen der Alpen, des Dinarischen Gebirges und der Karpaten. Journal Europischer Orchideen (2010), 42 (1), pp 31 82.(2) W. Foelsche,: Die Fundstellen von Nigritella bicolor. Anhang zu: Foelsche,W. (2010): Nigritella bicolor, ein neues apomiktisches Kohlrschen der Alpen, des Dinarischen Gebirges und der Karpaten. Journal Europischer Orchideen (2010), 42 (1, Supplement), pp 141.Micro 105mm/f2.8
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Gymnadenia conopsea ssp. conopsea (L.) R. Br.Fragrant Orchid, DE: Mcken Handwurz, Mcken Nacktdrse, Mcken-HandelwurzSlo.: navadni kukovinikDat.: July 05. 2014Lat.: 46.38304 Long.: 13.58260Code: Bot_808/2014_DSC1467Habitat: grass and isolated trees (dominant Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica) overgrown alluvial deposits of a river, calcareous ground, shallow ground water, flat terrain, open fairly sunny place, high air humidity, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C,elevation 540 m (1.770 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil. Place: Koritnica valley, right bank of river Koritnica, upstream of Monica settlement, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comment: Gymnadenia conopsea is with little doubt the most common wild orchid growing in upper Posoje. Many times it appears in large groups. One can find it almost in all habitats since it is ambivalent to ground humidity, acidity and type of ground. There is only one ground condition, which kills it - too much nitrogen in the ground, with other words too much fertilization particularly with nitrogen rich slurry. Taxonomically, several subspecies, varieties and forms have been described, but most of them are not generally accepted. For example, tall plants with dense inflorescence and many flowers (>40 according to some authors) in it are named as Gymnadenia conopsea ssp. densiflora, Gymnadenia conopsea var. densiflora or lately on species level Gymnadenia splendida. Subspecies montana, alpina, vernalis etc. are also described. To my field experience plants differ widely in size, shape as well as in color (from pink to almost purple). On one hand, difference in habitus of a small Gymnadenia conopsea ssp. conopsea, say, 30 cm tall with 20 flowers and a plant, which is supposed to be Gymnadenia splendida, which can be over 1 m tall having very dense inflorescence with over 100 flowers is undeniable. On the other hand, one can find also all possible intermediate forms, resembling much more a continuum of forms than two (or more) distinct appearances. Be it as it may, all are beautiful.Protected according to 'Uredba o zavarovanih prosto iveih rastlinskih vrstah', Ur.l.RS, t.46/2004 (Regulation on protected wild plants, Official gazette of Republic of Slovenia, No. 46/2004). Enlisted in the Slovene Red List of rare and endangered species, marked by "V" representing a vulnerable species.Ref.:(1) H. Haeupler, T. Muer, Bildatlas der Farn- und Bltenpflazen Deutschlands, Ulmer (2000), p 705.(2) H. Baumann, S. Kuenkele, R. Lorenz, Orchideen Europas, Ulmer (2006), p 104.(3) D. Aeschimann, K. Lauber, D.M. Moser, J.P. Theurillat, Flora Alpina, Vol. 2., Haupt (2004), p 1112.(4) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora sterreich Liechtenstein, Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 1041.(5) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije, Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007) (in Slovene), p 773.
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xGymnigritella suaveolens Wettstein, syn.: Gymnadenia conopsea (L.) Brown x Nigritella rhellicani Teppner et KleinFamily: OrchidaceaeEN: no name found, Hybrid between Fragrant and Vanillia Orchid, DE: Hybride zwischen Mcken-Hndelwurz und Schwarzem KohlrschenSlo.: krianec med navadnim kukovinikom in Rhelicanijevo murkoDat.: July 11. 2019Lat.: 46.32864 Long.: 13.47670 (WGS84)Code: Bot_1226/2019_DSC08524Habitat: Alpine grassland, moderately inclined mountain slope, south aspect; calcareous, skeletal ground; relatively warm, dry, sunny, open place; elevation 1.600 m (5.250 feet); average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 2-3 deg C, alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil.Place: Mt. Kanin mountain group; next to the trail from Planina Gozdec to Planina Baban, north of Boka waterfall, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comment: (relates to the album xGymnigritella suaveolens): xGymnigritella suaveolens is an intergeneric hybrid resulting from pollination between two plants of different genera - in this case Gymnadenia and Nigritella. In this particular case, this statement is somewhat ambiguous because many botanists consider (or have considered) both genera a single one. They merged the genus Nigritella into the genus Gymnadenia. However, a consensus about this has not been reached yet. Intergeneric hybrids are less common than interspecies hybrids (two different species from the same genus mate). In spite of this xGymnigritella suaveolens are relatively quite common plants. They have easy to spot conspicuous habitus and flowers have saturated color. The plants clearly show intermediate traits of both parents. One of them, easy to observe, is the resupination of the flowers (twisting of the flower stalks through about 180 so they are actually 'upside-down' positioned when they open; therefore, the lip of the most Orchidaceae is pointing downwards), Gymnadenia conopsea has resupinate flowers while those of Nigritella rhellicani are not. Consequently, the hybrid has flowers only partly resupinate to various degree. This can be clearly seen from my pictures. The inflorescence looks in some way chaotic, flowers in the inflorescence are not oriented orderly as with the parents of the hybrid. Protected according to: Uredba o zavarovanih prostoiveih rastlinskih vrstah, poglavje A, Uradni list RS, t. 46/2004 (Regulation of protected wild plants, chapter A, Official Gazette of Republic Slovenia, no. 46/2004), (2004).Ref.(1) Personal communication (Leg. & Det.) with Mr. Branko Dolinar,
www.orhideje.si(2)
docplayer.org/79014904-Die-gattung-nigritella-rich.html (accessed Oct.14. 2020)(3)
grabner-orchideen.com/is_hybrids/hyb_gy_co_gy_rh.htm (accessed Oct.14. 2020)(4) Kretzschmar, Die Orchideen Deutschlands und angrenzenden Lander, Quelle Meyer (2008), p 272.(5) N. Griebl, Intergenerische Hybriden in den Alpen, Ber. Arbeitskrs. Heim. Orchid. (2008), 25 (1): 254 - 280